Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suffer from abdominal pain, bloating, and abnormal defecation. Reducing the dietary intake of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has been shown to be beneficial in reducing IBS symptoms. However, diet modification plays an important role in the composition of colonic microbiota. Currently, the effects of a FODMAP diet on the composition of the gut microbiome are not known. We conducted a systematic review to determine (1) the effectiveness of low-FODMAPs diet to reduce symptoms of patients with IBS and (2) the association between a low-FOMAPs diet and the composition of gut microbiome. Four electronic databases were searched using key words “IBS” or “irritable bowel syndrome,” and “FODMAP” or “FODMAPs” or “fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols,” and “microbiome.” Two reviewers (H.S. and Y.T.L.) selected and reviewed articles according to our inclusion criteria. A total of 87 articles were reviewed and 7 met inclusion criteria. Based on the systematic review, low FODMAPs appear to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms for a least a subset of patients with IBS. However, due to the heterogeneity of reviewed studies, the influence on patients' gut microbiome composition and/or microbiota metabolites requires additional studies.

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Review methods: Peer-reviewed articles that included adult ICU survivors and employment outcomes. Two investigators independently reviewed articles following the PRISMA protocol. Pooled prevalence for RTW was calculated. Meta-regression analyses were performed to assess the association between disability policies, temporal factors and RTW following ICU. Results: Twenty-eight studies (N = 8,168) met the inclusion criteria. All studies were scored as 'low risk of bias'. Using meta-analysis, the proportion (95% CI) of RTW following ICU was 29% (0.

BACKGROUND: Joblessness is common after ARDS, but related risk factors are not fully understood.RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the association between survivors' pre-ARDS workload and post-ARDS functional impairment, pain, and fatigue with their return to work (RTW) status?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The U.S. Occupational Information Network (O*NET) was used to determine pre-ARDS workload for participants in the ARDS Network Long-Term Outcomes Study (ALTOS). Post-ARDS functional impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and SF-36 Physical Functioning, Social Functioning, and Mental Health sub-scales, and categorized as either no impairments, only psychosocial impairment, physical with low psychosocial impairment, or physical with high psychosocial impairment. Post-ARDS pain and fatigue were assessed using the SF-36 pain item and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale fatigue scale, respectively. Generalized linear mixed modeling methods were used to evaluate associations among pre-ARDS workload, post-ARDS functional impairment, and symptoms of pain and fatigue with post-ARDS RTW.

BackgroundInability to return to work (RTW) is common after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mismatch in an individual’s job workload and his or her functional ability, termed work ability imbalance, is negatively associated with RTW, but has not been evaluated in ARDS survivors.ObjectWe examine associations between work ability imbalance at 6 months and RTW at 6 months and 12 months, as well as the ability to sustain employment in ARDS survivors.MethodsPreviously employed participants from the ARDS Network Long-Term Outcomes Study (N=341) were evaluated. Pre-ARDS workload was determined based on the US Occupational Information Network classification. Post-ARDS functional ability was assessed using self-reported 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical functioning, social functioning and mental health subscales, and Mini-Mental State Examination. ARDS survivors were categorised into four work ability imbalance categories: none, psychosocial, physical, and both psychosocial and physical.ResultsAlmost 90% of ARDS survivors had a physical and/or psychosocial work ability imbalance at both 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Compared with survivors with no imbalance at 6 months, those with both physical and psychosocial imbalance had lower odds of RTW (6 months: OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.13 to 0.82; 12 months: OR=0.22, 95% CI=0.07 to 0.65). Thirty-eight (19%) of those who ever RTW were subsequently jobless at 12 months.ConclusionInterventions aimed at rebalancing ARDS survivors’ work ability by addressing physical and psychosocial aspects of their functional ability and workload should be explored as part of efforts to improve RTW, maintain employment and reduce the financial impact of joblessness.