ObjectiveStreptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Although human infections have been confirmed at Bali Referral Hospital, Indonesia, since 2014, the bacteria have not been isolated from pigs. Here, we provide confirmation of the presence of the bacteria in sick pigs in the province.ResultsStreptococcus suis was confirmed in 8 of 30 cases. The final confirmation was made using PCR and sequencing of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and recombination/repair protein (recN) gene fragments. Upon PCR serotyping, two were confirmed to be serotype 2 or 1/2. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Further research is needed to understand the risk factors for human infection. Community awareness on the risk of contracting S. suis and vaccine development are needed to prevent human infections.

Objective Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Data in Bali Referral Hospital showed more than 40 confirmed human cases of S. suis meningitis in 2014. Cases of S. suis infection in pigs have never been confirmed in the province. Here we provide evidence of the bacteria in sick pigs in that world tourist destination province. Results The S. suis was confirmed in eight out of 30 cases. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis, and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Further research is needed to understand the risk factor of human infection. Awareness of the community on the risk of contracting S. suis is needed to prevent human infections.

Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Data in Bali Referral Hospital showed more than 40 confirmed human cases of S. suis meningitis in 2014. Cases of S. suis infection in pigs have never been confirmed in the province. Here we provide evidence of the bacteria in sick pigs in that world tourist destination province. Results The S. suis was confirmed in eight out of 30 cases. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis, and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Conclusions Streptococcus suis has been confirmed in sick pig in Bali, Indonesia. Further research is needed to understand the risk factor of human infection. Awareness of the community on the risk of contracting S. suis is needed to prevent human infections.

The currently dominant Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swiftly diverged into clades. To predict the probable impact of clades, the consensus insertions/deletions (indels) and amino acid substitutions of the whole genome of clades were compared with original SARS-CoV-2. The indels and polymorphic amino acids were clade specific or shared among clades. The 21K clade has unique indels and substitutions, which probably represents reverted indels/substitutions. Three observed probable indirect evidences of SARS-CoV-2 attenuation in Omicron clades were deletion in Nucleocapsid, deletion in 3’-untranslated region, and truncation in open reading frame 8.