Neuroendocrine carcinoma did not benefit from advances in the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenocarcinoma over the past decade. Relatively poor survival in early stage neuroendocrine carcinoma warrants studies of adjuvant systemic therapy. The differences in outcomes between small-cell and non-small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas indicate a need for histology-specific management.
The curative potential of current adjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer is questionable, justifying placebo-controlled investigation of novel chemotherapy combinations or alternative approaches. Chemoradiation may provide a short-term benefit in locally advanced tumors.
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