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Silicon (Si) and Zn are beneficial for improving plant growth and human health. Fortifying rice (Oryza sativa L.) with Si and Zn can correct deficiencies of these elements in humans who consume rice. The present study evaluated the effects of different Si and Zn application forms as nanoparticles (NPs) foliar application and soil application (traditional fertilizers) on agronomic performance, grain yield (GY), Si and Zn accumulation, and protein content in rice tissue. The experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design with a factorial set of treatments that included three Si treatments (0, soil‐Si, nano‐Si) and three Zn treatments (0, soil‐Zn, nano‐Zn) with three replicates in two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran). The results indicated that Si and Zn applications by both NPs (300 g ha−1) and soil application (9 kg Zn ha−1 and 392 kg Si ha−1) ameliorated the yield components, yield, and nutrient accumulation in rice plant tissue. Application of nano‐Zn, nano‐Si, soil‐Zn, and soil‐Si significantly increased GY by 12.6, 9.5, 9.2, and 6.9%, respectively, above the control. Application of Si and Zn through NPs had greater effects than soil form for some experimental parameters, such as fortification of rice grains. Overall, our results suggest that Si and Zn applications as NPs could increase GY, reduce fertilizer costs and environmental pollution, and enrich rice grains with Si and Zn through improving agronomic and physiological traits, leading to higher GY and nutrients accumulation in grain. Core Ideas Application of Si and Zn increased the agronomic parameters and grain yield. There was no significant interaction among Si and Zn on grain yield. The nano‐Zn foliar spray had better effects than soil‐Zn application for grain Zn accumulation.

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Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a short-season summer growing grain legume grown as dry land crop in the center and northeast of Asia. Among the pulse crops, mungbean has a special importance of intensive crop production due to its short growth period. Salicylic acid (SA) is recognized as an endogenous regulator of plant metabolism, mainly involved in biotic and abiotic stress. Salicylic acid (SA) or ortho-hydroxy benzoic acid and other salicylates are known to affect various physiological and biochemical activities of plants and may play a key role in regulating their growth and productivity. Gibberellic Acid (GA3) is the most important growth regulator, which breaks seed dormancy, promotes germination, intermodal length, hypocotyls growth and cell division in cambial zone and increases the size of leaves. The experiment was conducted at the goharkuh khash (In Iran) which is situated between 23° North latitude and 60° East longitude and at an altitude of 1329 m above mean Sea Level. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of Salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on all characteristics was significant.