Effect of salicylic acid and gibberellic Acid on some characteristics in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Abstract

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a short-season summer growing grain legume grown as dry land crop in the center and northeast of Asia. Among the pulse crops, mungbean has a special importance of intensive crop production due to its short growth period. Salicylic acid (SA) is recognized as an endogenous regulator of plant metabolism, mainly involved in biotic and abiotic stress. Salicylic acid (SA) or ortho-hydroxy benzoic acid and other salicylates are known to affect various physiological and biochemical activities of plants and may play a key role in regulating their growth and productivity. Gibberellic Acid (GA3) is the most important growth regulator, which breaks seed dormancy, promotes germination, intermodal length, hypocotyls growth and cell division in cambial zone and increases the size of leaves. The experiment was conducted at the goharkuh khash (In Iran) which is situated between 23° North latitude and 60° East longitude and at an altitude of 1329 m above mean Sea Level. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of Salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on all characteristics was significant.

Responses of Water and Pigments Status, Dry Matter Partitioning, Seed Production, and Traits of Yield and Quality to Foliar Application of GA3 in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

“…The possible reason of increased plant height could be ascribed to the favorable effects of GA 3 on the physiological processes inducing cell division, increasing cell elongation, and enlargement or both due to higher RWC (Table 3) and photosynthetic pigments (Table 4). Our result is also in agreement with the findings of Hoque and Haque (2002), Abdel and Al-Rawi (2011), Keykha et al (2014) and Raina et al (2018) in V. radiata, Iqbal et al (2001) in chickpea, Emongor (2007) in cowpea, Pandey et al (2004) in pea, Deotale et al (1998) in soybean, and Kumar et al (2014) in tomato. The increase in plant height due to GA 3 application might be had an effect on the elongation of internodes (Krishnamoorthy, 1981).…”

“…A similar conclusion was drawn from a very recent study by Renu (2019) who stated that GA 3 at 200 ppm increased the fresh weight of leaves plant −1 in V. radiata. Our results are also supported by Keykha et al (2014) who noted that less concentration of GA 3 (75 ppm) produced the highest forage yield of V. radiata. Area and number of leaves plant −1 was significantly increased with the application of GA 3 , and hence, GA 3 of 33.3 ppm produced the highest leaf area plant −1 in cow pea (Nabi et al, 2014), 50 ppm produced the highest number of leaves and thereafter decreased in V. radiata (Hoque and Haque, 2002) which were indirectly related in our result.…”

“…In very recent study, Tasnim et al (2020) concluded that 100 ppm GA 3 increased the grain yield of 41.25% in BARI Mung-8 variety. However, GA 3 causes a substantial increase of grain yield in different crops has also been reported by Bhadra (2004), Abdel and Al-Rawi (2011), Keykha et al (2014), and Rahman et al (2018) in V. radiata, Noor et al (2017) in French bean, Swain et al (1997), in pea, Emongor (2007) in cowpea, Sarkar et al (2002) in soybean, Tomar and Ramgiry (1997), and Khan et al (2006) in tomato. Exogenous application of GA 3 may help to redistribute assimilates toward the shoot apex and young leaves, aiding in the utilization of nitrogen, and thus resulting in increased yield of mustard (Khan et al, 2002).…”

“…GA 3 is a phyto-hormone, and terpenoid compounds containing 19-20 carbon atoms, naturally produced in new leaves and germinated seed embryos, and more than 136 species have been identified (Sponsel and Hedden, 2004). Very small amount of GA 3 enhances stem elongation (Abd El-Fattah, 1997;Hoque and Haque, 2002;Abdel and Al-Rawi, 2011;Keykha et al, 2014) by increasing cell divisions and cell size Zeiger, 2006, 2010), improves plant growth and development (Kundu et al, 2017;Rahman et al, 2018) by inducing metabolic activities (Kumar et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2015), many key enzymes like carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR) (Afroz et al, 2005;Aftab et al, 2010;Ahmad Dar et al, 2015), ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) (Yuan and Xu, 2001), and regulating nitrogen utilization (Siddiqui et al, 2008;Khan et al, 2010;Sure et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2017;Miceli et al, 2019), consequently increases dry weight and yield (Asahina et al, 2002;Tasnim et al, 2020). It also induces growth and development by enhancing water uptake in plant tissues (Al-Whaibi et al, 2010;Maggio et al, 2010;Renu, 2019), photosynthetic pigments (El Karamany et al, 2019), photosynthesis (Khan et al, 2002;Aftab et al, 2010), sex determination (Fleet and Sun, 2005), flower formation and fruit set in legumes (Deotale et al, 1998;Chauhan et al, 2010), and hence amplifies yield of many crops (Bhadra, 2004;Bora and Sharma, 2006;Abdel-Mouty and El-Greadly, 2008;…”

Endogenous Hormones Inhibit Differentiation of Young Ears in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Heat Stress

“…Spraying cytokinins can also mitigate heat-stress-related damage to heat-sensitive rice varieties (Wu et al, 2016). Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are considered to be important signaling substances with respect to plant stress responses, especially those responses that improve the thermotolerance of a crop (Clarke et al, 2009;Lu et al, 2009;Keykha et al, 2014). The content of endogenous SA and JA in plants increases under heat stress (Escandón et al, 2016;Scalabrin et al, 2016).…”