Background: Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of functional non coding RNAs which have been shown to be involved in several important pathways in cancer development and progression. Among them is Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) whose overexpression has been detected in several cancer types. In addition, its functional polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk in certain populations. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three HOTAIR polymorphisms (rs12826786, rs1899663 and rs4759314) and their haplotypes on breast cancer risk in a sample of Iranian population. Methods: This study is a case-control study which consisted of 122 unrelated breast cancer patients from Hamadan University hospital and 200 normal females who were referred to a routine health survey in 2015. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of all participants using the standard salting out method. Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method was used for analyses of rs12826786, rs1899663, and rs4759314 genotypes. Comparison of genotype and allele frequency between the breast cancer patients and the control group was performed using Pearson chi-square test considering odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for calculation of the relative risk. Haplotype frequencies for HOTAIR were calculated using SNPStats online program. Results: No significant difference has been found in allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphisms between case and control groups. Furthermore, no specific HOTAIR haplotype was shown to be associated with breast cancer risk in the analyzed population. Conclusions: These polymorphisms do not seem to be associated with breast cancer risk in this population. However, further research is needed to evaluate the results of the present study in larger patient samples.

Background: Confirmed evidences on superiority of subcuticular suturing compared to interrupted suturing method, in terms of postoperative complications such as wound infection, size of scar, or abscess formation is few. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare absorbable subcuticular suturing supported with Steri-Strips™ to interrupted nonabsorbable suturing method after appendectomy. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, seventy patients with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis at Besat hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in the year 2016 were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups. In the case group (n = 35), the wound suturing was done using subcuticular suturing supported by Steri-Strips™ and in the control group (n = 35), suturing was performed using interrupted mattress suture. All patients were visited at postoperative day one, seven, thirty and ninety. Results: The width of the scar and the mean of severity of pain score at postoperative day seven in the case group were significantly

Magnetic and conducting polyaniline (PAn)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared in the aqueous solution by using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSNa) as a surfactant. The chemical structure and surface morphology of PAn/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The conductivity of the composites was measured as a function of the Fe 3O4 content of the reaction solution. The magnetic properties of the resulting composites showed superparamagnetic behavior, such as saturated magnetization ( Ms = 1.8 emu g- 1), remnant magnetization ( Mr = 0), and coercive force ( Hc = 0). The nanometer size (about 14 nm) Fe3O4 in the composites causes of the superparamagnetic behavior of the product.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate, sesame oil, honey, and silver nanoparticles in preventing postoperative surgical adhesion formation. An experimental study 1 AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate, sesame oil, honey, and silver nanoparticles in preventing of postoperative surgical adhesion formation. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups with eight rats in each group including control, hyaluronate, sesame, honey and silver groups. After two weeks the animals underwent laparotomy and were evaluated by two different blinded surgeons for severity of adhesions based on the two different classification scoring systems including Nair classification and cumulative adhesion scoring scale. Results:The scores of severity of adhesions in the hyaluronate and sesame groups were significantly lower than the control group based on the Nair classification (both P-values = 0.02), however based on the cumulative adhesion scoring scale just the score of severity of adhesions in the hyaluronate group was significantly lower than the control group (P-value = 0.02). In the hyaluronate group the severity of adhesions was decreased by 48% based on the cumulative adhesion scoring scale. Conclusions: Sodium hyaluronate and sesame oil may have a significant effect in preventing postoperative surgical adhesion formation.

Nanocomposites of polyaniline (PAn) containing nanometer-size Fe 2 O 3 and CoO were synthesized by a chemical method using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSNa) as a surfactant. Characteristics of the products such as morphology, particle size, and conductivity were studied. The results indicated that these properties were dependent on the surfactant and the type and content of metallic oxide used. When the concentration of Fe 2 O 3 and CoO increased from 1 to 5 g/L in the PAn-DBSNa/Fe 2 O 3 and PAn-DBSNa/CoO composites, the conductivity decreased from 1.3 3 10 24 to 5.1 3 10 25 and from 1.4 3 10 24 to 5.1 3 10 25 S/cm, respectively, while the particle size increased from 92 to 103 and from 104 to 117 nm, respectively.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of gastrografin for the conservative treatment of patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) and to identify the predictors of failure of conservative treatment in these patients. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 52 patients with the diagnosis of ASBO in 2016. 100 mL of Gastrografin and 100 mL of 0.9% saline solution were gavaged through the nasogastric tube in the case (n= 26) and control (n= 26) groups, respectively. Patients in the case group were subjected to plain abdominal X-Rays at 12, 24 and 48 hours after administration of gastrografin. Results: Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 57.6 ± 11.4 years (range 37-81), including 34 (65.4%) males were enrolled into the study. The number of patients who were successfully conservatively treated in the case group was 21 (80.8%), which was significantly higher than 13 (50%) in the control group (p= 0.04). Among these patients, mean hospital stay in the case group was 37.2 ± 5.5 hours (range 28-46), which was significantly shorter than 45.8 ± 9.2 hours (range 36-61) in the control group (p= 0.004). In multivariate analysis, more than one previous laparotomy was the only predictor of failure of conservative treatment (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Gastrografin may be associated with improvement of patients with ASBO. Lower number of previous laparotomies may be a predictor of successful conservative treatment of these patients.

Background: Many surgeons have been encouraged to use a variety of incisions for abdominal visceral surgery that are hidden from exposure. The current researchers conducted this study to find the safety and feasibility of open appendectomy using Small Access (SA) incision and compare this method with the classic McBurney's appendectomy (CA). Methods: Sixty-nine patients with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis at Besat hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during year 2016, were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated to 2 groups, including SA (n = 39) and CA groups (n = 30). All patients were visited 1 week and 6 months after the surgery. Results: The demographic data of the patients, including gender and age, was not significantly different between the 2 groups (P values = 0.12 and 0.87, respectively). In 6 patients in the SA group, the incision was transversely extended during the operation. There was no significant difference between postoperative complications in the 2 groups. The amount of pain medication administered

BackgroundChoosing a proper approach to subclavian vein cannulation is a challenge for physicians. However, percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian vein cannulation is now an acceptable technique.ObjectivesThe present study was performed to compare the success rate and complications of subclavian vein cannulation using the midpoint technique and the lateral technique.MethodsIn this prospective randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 440 patients undergoing subclavian vein cannulation to either midpoint approach or lateral approach groups from April 2018 to February 2019. The complications and success rates of catheterization were compared between the two approaches. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20).ResultsUnlike the first attempt of catheterization, the success rate was significantly higher in the midpoint technique (75 %) than in lateral technique (39%) in the second attempt (P = 0.003). The overall success rates were 96.8% and 88.6% in the midpoint approach and lateral approach, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the two techniques in the overall success rate (P = 0.001). Inadvertent subclavian artery puncture occurred in 26 (5.9%) patients including 3 (1.4%) patients in the midpoint technique and 23 (10.5%) patients in the lateral technique. In 19 (4.3%) patients, malposition of the catheter tip occurred, including 14 (6.4%) in the midpoint approach and 5 (2.3%) in the lateral approach. There was a significant difference between the two approaches in malposition and subclavian artery puncture (P = 0.035 and P = 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two techniques in other complications.ConclusionsThis investigation showed that the midpoint approach was more appropriate than the lateral approach for infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization with landmark-based techniques.