This study proposes a control technique for single-input dual-output three-level dc-dc converter (SIDO-TLC) using feedback (FB) and feedforward (FF) principles. Through the proposed control strategy, SIDO-TLC can smoothly function in both buck and boost operating conditions with a fast dynamic. Major duties of the designed FB control loops are to noticeably decrease the recovery time of transient responses under the load variations and accurately balance the boost capacitors voltages. To effectively decouple the introduced control inputs, an external FF controller is assigned that can also enhance the buck and boost voltage regulations. Furthermore, a step-by-step assessment is contemplated based on the proposed control loops to make an offline adjustment for the FB and FF coefficients. The proposed controller implemented on SIDO-TLC is highly suitable for portable applications, where efficiency, cost, and speed are of important factors. The simulation results and the laboratory test setup of SIDO-TLC using DSP TMS320F28335 are presented to prove the validity of the presented theoretical subjects.
The escalating demand on Electric Vehicles (EVs) has enhanced the necessity of adequate charging infrastructure, especially in residential areas. This paper proposes a smart charging approach for off-board Electric Vehicles (EVs) chargers in Home-Energy-Hub (HEH) applications along with DC sources such as Photovoltaic (PV) and Battery Storage (BS). The proposed method facilitates smart charging and discharging of EVs to obtain both Vehicle-to-X (V2X) and X-to-Vehicle (X2V) operations focusing on the domestic applications integrated with renewable and storage elements. Furthermore, the optimal State-of-Charge (SOC) profiles for BS and EV in the HEHs system is defined by the extended Bellman-Ford-Moor Algorithm (BFMA). This modified BFMA utilizes the forecasted data such as solar irradiation, electricity tariff, and power consumption to gain economic benefits in HEHs with respect to user and EV requirements. Moreover, the plugging time, duration and initial/final SOC are fluctuating at each connection due to the stochastic nature of EV conditions and user settings. This study presents a laboratory implementation of two-level Hierarchical Energy Management System (HEMS) for HEHs with plug-in electric vehicles. In fact, the primary level includes power converters controller, while the proposed algorithm is implemented in the secondary level. Finally, the simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed analysis regarding the interaction of HEHs and power grid with EVs behavior.
Magnets placement effects on permanent magnet motors performance, because of its different magnetic flux density distribution. Therefore, different types of magnet placement should be examined experimentally or by valid simulations. In this paper, first, an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) called spoke type with specifications related to the propulsion of ships is designed and then optimized by ant colony algorithm to increase the torque-to-volume ratio. The design procedure and its formulas presented as simple as possible. Then, to verify the optimization results of the optimized motor, a Two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is done. Also in this analyze the core and the slot saturation was studied.
So far, several methods to reduce the cogging torque of permanent magnet motors have been introduced. Implementation and evaluation of these methods have usually been done on radial flux types of motors. Nowadays, as axial flux permanent magnet motors have more advantages over radial ones, they are more attractive. Therefore, in this paper analytical modeling and calculation of the most effective method impact in reducing the cogging torque in axial flux permanent magnet motors will be studied. In fact, in this method the radial edges of the magnets will be curved to have a significant impact on reducing this unwanted component. This paper introduces a new concept to model this method. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method will be verified by finite element analysis.
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