Background: The climate change fact is intensive among the Middle East countries and especially Iran. Among the Middle East countries, Iran will experience an increase of 2.6 °C in mean temperatures and a 35% decline in precipitation in the next decades. In vice versa, Iran by total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions nearly to 616,741 million tons of CO 2 is the first responsible country to climate change in the Middle East, and seventh in the world. The high-level contribution of Iran to emissions of GHG depends on a significant production of oil, gas, and rapid urbanization. The present study aimed to reveal an overview of climate change facts and statistics in Iran. Results:In this manuscript, the evidential facts on climate change were investigated in global, regional, and national scales. For this purpose, the main increasing annual temperature and GHG emissions were considered. Besides, the variations of meteorological characteristics such as surface temperature, total precipitation, and upward longwave radiation (ULR) were reviewed in Iran indicating an anomalous decrease in precipitation events and anomalous increase in ULR and temperature characteristics confirming the global warming/climate change effects. Afterward, the legislative agreements on climate change concerning international adoptions and conventions were reviewed from Rio 1992 to NY 2016. Conclusions:The results showed that further research and development should be considered the novel methods to explore renewable energy applications and to mitigate GHG emissions in order to overcome the increased risk of climate change effects. Technological affairs and international participants should support this target. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. ReferencesAbolverdi J, Ferdosifar G, Khalili D, Haghighi AK, Haghighi MA (2014) Recent trends in regional air temperature and precipitation and links to global climate change in the Maharlo watershed, Southwestern Iran. Meteorol

The main aim of the present study is to produce a map of land suitability evaluation (LSE) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for the recognition of touristic and recreational levels in the Kalat region, northeastern Iran. The Kalat region, in the vicinity of the border of Turkmenistan and Iran, is a highland comprised of mountains and geomorphologic phenomena. Different environmental factors such as elevation ranges, slope, aspect, soil biomes, geological units, land cover, and groundwater were considered to determine the land suitability of tourism and recreational levels in the study area. Ecological land suitability determined by the LSE map has shown that more than 67% of the area is categorized as suitable tourism zones. Furthermore, the ecological carrying capacity (Eco.CC) of the touristic zones was calculated. Eco.CC calculations revealed the mean annual physical, real, and effective carrying capacities equal to 1,496,135, 484,720, and 697,880 visitors, respectively. Owing to the current status of imported tourists in the Kalat region (less than 50,000 visitors per year), the results reflect the ecological role of the Kalat region to improve its touristic quota in the regional and national levels in future. In the present study, a multi-criteria analysis was proposed for the recognition of levels of touristic and recreational activities composed of AHP and Eco.CC, using regular programs such as Expert Choice, GIS, and Excel software.

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