The present study represents an extensive field survey of the pathological affections caused by local Food and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus throughout Dakahlia governorate, North Egypt. The study included 670 cattle belonging to local and Frisian breeds. The age of the examined animals ranged from ten days to four years and they were of both sexes. The morbidity rates among the investigated cattle herds of either Frisian or native origin were 100% and 5% respectively. We observed early mortality in infected calves aging ten days old and older calves. This was concurrently associated with lesions of severe myocarditis which appeared to be responsible for the death. On the other hand, adult cattle showed vesicular lesions, erosions and ulcers on the mucous membrane of the mouth and skin on the feet and udder. In addition, fever, anorexia, and pstyalism were observed. Histopathological examination of both young calves and adult cattle revealed multitude of inflammatory and necrotic lesions in the myocardium, liver, lung, intestine and udder. Molecular examination and gene sequencing revealed the presence of RNA belonging to FMD virus 'type A' in the affected tissues. The nucleotide sequence of the isolated virus strain was submitted to the gene bank (accession number: BankIt1911105FMD/A/EGY/Dakahlia/ KX083565). In conclusion, the study emphasized the importance of FMD as a viral disease induced relatively high mortality and morbidity especially in young calves and gives an account on the associated pathological lesions.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the major viral diseases still causing great economic losses among breeding flocks of Egypt. This study was designed to focus light on non-cutaneous lesions (prevalence, intensity, and impacts) among necropsied LSD infected cattle. We selected some dairy and beef flocks (Frisian breed) located in 3 governorates (Sharkia, Dakahlia, and Kaloubia) in Nile delta, Egypt, in the period from January 2019 to January 2020 for our survey study. The case history of farms declared no previous vaccination of examined farms. The clinical signs, morbidity, and mortality rates were recorded. Average morbidity and mortality percentage were 22.28% and 6.59%, respectively. PCR for specimens from liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, testis, udder, trachea, and lymph node indicates presence of amplicon capripoxvirus gene product at molecular weight size 192 bp. Postmortem lesions of necropsied and emergency slaughtered were recorded. The main detectable histopathology lesions among the infected animals were orchitis (75%), mastitis in immature and lactating udder (66.66%), and necrotic hepatitis (77.77%), disseminated vasculitis (61.11), glomerulonephritis (55.55), myocardial degeneration (50%), and serous atrophy of coronary fats (38.88%), lymphadenitis (88.88%), necrosis and depleted lymphoid tissue of spleen (38.88%), necrotic myositis (77.77%), tracheitis (16.66%), and pneumonia (interstitial bronchopneumonia) (44.44%) besides intra-cytoplasmic inclusions bodies in skin (33.33%). It could be concluded that higher mortalities of LSD may be due to systemic infection of infected animals which had great impact on economic losses among breeding flocks.