Herbal medicine from natural resources plays an important role as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) and/or chitosan (CH) in vitro. Results indicated that TEO exhibited high radical scavenging activity (RSA) toward DPPH, ABTS, linoleic acid deterioration and iron chelation activity. TEO exhibited high amount of total phenolic compounds (TPC) related to its terpenes. The TPC of TEO was 177.3 mg GAE g −1 demonstrated 149.8 µmol of TE g −1 DPPH-RSA and 192.4 µmol of TE g −1 ABTS-RSA. The antioxidant capacity of TEO exhibited 68.9% reduction when evaluated by β-carotene bleaching assay. The reducing power activity related to iron chelation was 142.8 µmol of AAE g −1 . The TEO exhibited a high content of Thymol (41.04%) as major compound over 14 identified components by GC-MS analysis followed by 1,8-Cineole (14.26%), γ-Terpinene (12.06%), p-Cymene (10.50%) and α-Terpinene (9.22%). TEO exhibited antimicrobial activity in vitro and MIC noticed that TEO was efficiently affected pathogens in vitro. Indeed, CH exhibited negligible or very low antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, both investigated TEO and TEO-CH mix have strong antibacterial activity against many pathogenic bacteria and need exploitation as an alternative source of natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents for potential applications.

Herbal medication from natural resources plays an important role as antioxidant, antibacterial agent and demonstrating an inimitable property in wound curative rather than synthesized-toxic materials. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the potential healing efficacy of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TEO) oral adminstartion on topically treated wound with chitosan, TEO and their combination in vitro. Practically, effect of TEO oral administration on topically treated wounded rats in comparing to topical application of betadine for two weeks was carried out. Remarkably, treated group with TEO topically and orally exhibited the highest wound contractions among all treated groups. In Parallel, histopathological alteration was improved in TEO topically and orally applications whereas no degeneration, necrosis & inflammatory cells infiltration in skeletal muscle of wound with rejuvenation of hair follicles were observed. Wound healing efficiency was established in vivo and recommended as natural agent for wounds through protection of injury site from infections and inhibition of inflammatory cells as well as increasing connective tissue formation in repaired tissues. These favored results confirm that treated group with TEO topically combined with TEO orally have outstanding wound healing activity and need exploitation as an alternative source of natural wound agents for medical applications.

Heat stress has become a widespread concern worldwide, which is a major environmental stress that causes substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. Compared to other agricultural animals, rabbits are more sensitive to heat stress as they have fewer sweat glands and a thicker coat of fur, increasing the heat dissipation complexity. Thus, heat stress hurts rabbits’ productivity, meat quality, reproductive performance, antioxidative properties, immune responsiveness, intestinal histomorphology, and microbiome. Nutraceuticals include vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, organic acids, fatty acids, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, enzymes, and medicinal plants due to the possible impacts on maintaining common biological situations, strengthening immune response, and preventing illness, which ultimately led to an increase in productivity. Nutraceuticals have recently attracted a lot of attention to alleviate the adverse impacts of heat stress in rabbit farms. The objective of the current review is to provide acquaintance with the recent findings about the impact of heat stress on rabbit productivity and the advantages of dietary supplementation of nutraceuticals in mitigating it.

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