We revealed the meaning of the workshop classes at extracurricular education institutions, extracurricular and extracurricular work at school. The organization of activities and provision of the educational process in out-of-school education institutions during martial law was analyzed. Regulatory documents and recommendations, which are expedient to be followed by the head of the circle in the modern conditions of providing educational services, are summarized. The peculiarities of the organization and conducting of group classes in remote mode were analyzed and the conditions that arise in the process of such training were determined. The advantages of distance learning and a set of measures for its implementation are revealed. There are means of providing educational materials for students of the group; means of monitoring the performance of assigned tasks; means of interactive cooperation between the teacher and students; the possibility of supplementing the course with new information. Forms of conducting group classes and available software products at the beginning of the organization of remote form of group work are proposed. It is noted that under the guidance of a technology teacher, students are engaged in art-aesthetic, scientific-technical circles and design products from various construction materials. The main stages of product design are described. It is noted that the workshop activity is related to the involvement of students in understanding the world of art, science, technology and engineering. It has been established that the competences are formed in students in classes. There are cognitive, practical, creative, social competences. It is noted that the result of group work depends on the organization and proper planning of activities in classes, chosen forms, traditional and innovative teaching methods. A survey of students was conducted. It was established that group activities are useful and interesting for students. It is necessary to take into account the needs, personal abilities and educational opportunities of pupils. It was found that the importance and relevance of this research is due to the need to find new approaches to the workshop activity to determine the conditions of their effective activity in connection with taking into account modern conditions of education, the importance of developing methodological support for the implementation of a remote form of conducting classes and the further implementation of the STEM approach.
The peculiarities of formation of spatial thinking in students of engineering and pedagogical specialties in the course of study of the graphic cycle disciplines have been substantiated. The definitions of “spatial thinking” and “spatial imagination” are clarified. The legitimacy of spatial thinking as an independent mental process, which is associated with the analysis of spatial features and the relationship between elements of real objects (or their graphic images) and application of these features in resolution of design problems by students of engineering specialties of higher education is mentioned. The content and basic operational units of spatial thinking in undergraduates during their study of graphic disciplines have been described. The dependence of the level of development of spatial thinking of students on the type of spatial images operating in Descriptive Geometry, drawing, engineering and computer graphics lessons has been specified. There has been offered the typology of students of engineering and pedagogical specialties of pedagogical high school, depending on their level of spatial thinking development and ability to explicit spatial transformations. The initial level of spatial thinking development of the students of the first year of study before the study of the cycle of graphic disciplines in higher education institutions has been also analyzed. The prospects of resolution of the issue of increasing the level of spatial thinking in undergraduates as an indicator of their intellectual development have been outlined in the study.
The paper reveales difficulties in the process of teaching the disciplines of garment production in higher educational establishment. The problem of introduction of differentiated training of future teachers of technologies at classes of design and manufacturing of textile products has been analyzed. The research substantiates the necessity of teacher`s readiness to implement a differentiated approach and suggests recommendations for its application. The conditions for successful differentiation have been determined. The development of multilevel tasks, which are an effective and most common method of differentiated learning, has been proposed. The fact that it is necessary to compare their purpose and content with the level of knowledge and skills, individual and educational capabilities of students for the development of multilevel tasks is proven. The study explores the ways to differentiate practical tasks for future teachers of labor training and technology. The peculiarities of frontal, individual and group activities of students during the classes on design, modeling and technology of textile products are revealed. The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned activities are identified. Considering the individual characteristics of students, it is recommended to combine them into three typological groups. The authors argue on implementation of a differentiated approach to the development of creative projects, to control the acquired knowledge of future teachers of labor training and technology, as well as the ability to apply them when solving technical problems and completing practical tasks. An experimental survey of the method of differentiated teaching of students in the process of design and manufacturing textile products has been carried out and its effectiveness has been proved.
The article substantiates the relevance of the introduction of the artistic component in the training of future technology teachers; attention is paid to clarifying the role of art education in the training of future teachers. It is established that the future teacher in the field of technological education must have professional competencies that increase the effectiveness of the design and technological activities, namely competencies in drawing and composition, basics of color, art history and costume history, understanding of artistic styles, have artistic and graphic competencies, etc. It is necessary to form these competencies in future technology teachers from the first years of study in higher education institutions, namely, to include in the curriculum special (elective) disciplines that can enrich students with theoretical and practical knowledge and skills in fine and decorative arts, design and design graphics. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of introducing art disciplines in the process of training specialists in the field of technological education and proving the need for readiness of technology teachers to implement the artistic component. The application of educational material of artistic direction in the process of designing and manufacturing clothes is analyzed, and the advantages of students’ use of professional competencies in the process of developing clothing models at different stages of design are revealed. The introduction of a selective course “Fundamentals of Drawing and Composition” is proposed and its effectiveness in the implementation of creative projects in sewing. It is established that the introduction of art education in the training of future technology teachers creates opportunities to bring the latter to a qualitatively new, modern level of education. Keywords: art; professional competencies; technological education; future technology teachers; design and technological activities; clothing design.
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