The main purpose of the study is to determine the main ways to counter environmental threats, taking into account the impact of COVID-19 in the practice of a modern lawyer. To achieve this goal, we used the methodology of functional modeling and graphical display to represent the key stages and processes of counteracting the negative impact of environmental threats. Among the global problems of our time, one of the central cities occupies the issue of proper environmental protection, taking into account the peculiarities of the whole variety of its components and the impact of COVID-19. Conservation of natural resources, along with environmental well-being, is the determining factor in the comfort of human existence, ensuring the sustainability of social and economic development. The concept of harm to the environment and legal liability for such harm at the scientific level began to be developed relatively recently, which determined the relevance of the chosen issue. As a result of the study, a methodological approach was proposed to reflect the main measures to counter environmental threats on the part of practicing lawyers.
The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and applied aspects of identifying the problems of normative and legal regulation of the process of applying blockchain technology in the financial system of Ukraine. The results of the conducted research allow us to assert that blockchain technology is a qualitatively new tool for carrying out financial transactions and strengthening the financial system of Ukraine, the essence of which is the creation of a decentralized database consisting of blockchains capable of preventing deliberate actions, the subject of which is data falsification and their chronological records for the purpose of tracking and controlling transactions. The important role of blockchain technology in the financial system of Ukraine has been established, which is manifested in the modernization of the processes of moving funds, making cross-border payments, and the functioning of cryptocurrency. The excessive weakness of the legislative and normative and legal regulation of the process of applying blockchain technology in the financial system of Ukraine was revealed, which is situational and fragmentary in nature and cannot fully regulate the organizational and legal mechanisms of its effective application in the implementation of financial transactions. Detailed studies made it possible to substantiate the need for the formation of a national system of normative and legal regulation of the process of applying blockchain technology in the financial system of Ukraine, as a number of its problems were identified, in particular, the low level of the country's provision of digital technologies and the absence of high-speed Internet, as well as the high cost of using technologies and energy for maintenance of financial transactions in the blockchain system. On the basis of comparative studies of the USA, Great Britain and Ukraine, it has been proved that the development of blockchain technology is significantly dependent on the level of socio-economic development of the country and its ability to regulate problematic aspects arising under the influence of modern challenges and dangers at the legislative level. The need to adopt the Law of Ukraine "On Virtual Assets" is proposed, which will partially solve the most acute problems by unifying norms and creating an organizational and legal mechanism for regulating the process of applying blockchain technology in the financial system.
Марія Гаврильців, канд. юрид. наук, доцент, доцент кафедри адміністративно-правових дисциплін Львівського державного університету внутрішніх справ Галина Лук'янова, канд. юрид. наук, доцент кафедри адміністративно-правових дисциплін Львівського державного університету внутрішніх справ ПОНЯТТЯ ТА ЮРИДИЧНА ПРИРОДА СПОРІВ, ЩО РОЗГЛЯДАЮТЬСЯ В ПОРЯДКУ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОГО СУДОЧИНСТВА Стаття присвячена дослідженню юридичної природи адміністративних спорів, які відмежовані від інших конфліктних ситуацій на основі суб'єктного складу та характеру спірних правовідносин. Публічно-правовим спором визнано виражену в юридичних діях сторін суперечність із приводу реалізації прав і свобод у сфері публічних правовідносин. Ключові слова: правовий спір, публічно-правовий спір, спір про право, публічні правовідносини, адміністративне судочинство. 5/2019 А Д М І Н І С Т Р А Т И В Н Е П Р А В О І П Р О Ц Е ССтатья посвящена исследованию юридической природы административных споров, которые отделены от других конфликтных ситуаций на основе субъектного состава и характера спорных правоотношений. Публично-правовым спором признано выраженное в юридических действиях сторон противоречие по поводу реализации прав и свобод в сфере публичных правоотношений.Ключевые слова: правовой спор, публично-правовой спор, спор о праве, публичные правоотношения, административное судопроизводство.The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of administrative disputes, which are separated from other conflict situations on the basis of the subject structure and the nature of the controversial legal relationship. The public-legal dispute has been recognized as contradictory in the legal actions of the parties regarding the realization of rights and freedoms in the field of public legal relations.
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