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The present study was undertaken to determine the fatty acid profile of seeds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars 'Yağ', 'Çetinel-150' and 'Bağcı Çarliston' as well as the relations between fatty acid profile, seed germination and vigour at various temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C). In this study, the germination percentage and vigour, total oil and the fatty acid profile of seeds of pepper cultivars were determined. There were significant differences in seed germination and vigour among the cultivars. Linoleic (C18:2n-6) acid was the principal fatty acid followed by palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n-9) and stearic (C18:0) acids in all cultivars. The highest concentrations of linoleic (77.8%), oleic (10.4%), palmitic (10.6%) and stearic (2.5%) acids were determined in the cultivars 'Çetinel-150', 'Yağ' and 'Bağcı Çarliston', respectively, and miristic, margaric, gadoleic and behenic acids at an even lower content (<1%). In addition to simple correlation coefficients (r) between the total oil, fatty acid composition, and germination percentage and vigour of the pepper cultivars, similar results were obtained in stepwise multiple regression analysis. According to the stepwise multiple regression analysis, although results for vigour were similar to the results of germination, in addition to linoleic acid, the indirect effect of miristic, margaric, palmitoleic and gadoleic acids were determined for vigour. Research results demonstrated that the low or high amount of fatty acids in the tested cultivars may play a major role on germination and vigour at various temperatures. Moreover, the role of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) on germination and vigour associated with temperature was more explicit than that of the other fatty acids.

The present study was undertaken to determine the profile of the (n-9) and (n-7) isomers for C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1 fatty acids in radish seeds as well as their isomers. Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cvs. 'Antep, Beyaz, Cherry Belle and Iri Kırmızı') seeds were produced in 2003-2005 from different sowing dates (SD). The n-7 isomers of C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1 ranged from 0.7 to 1.3, 0.1 to 0.3 and 0.4 to 1.1 %, respectively. The average values of C18:1(n-7) was highest (1 %) amongst the three acids. The ratios of (n-7)/(n-9) ranged from 4.5 % ('Cherry Belle', SD-I) to 8.3 % ('Antep', SD-III), 0.8 % ('Iri Kır-mızı', SD-II) to 3 % ('Iri Kırmızı', SD-I) and 1.6 % ('Cherry Belle', SD-I) to 3.7 % ('Iri Kırmızı', SD-I) for C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1. Erucic acid was the principal fatty acid with concentrations of nearly 34-39 % in 'Antep',[32][33][34][30][31][32][33]. The oleic acid content was higher in SD-I and SD-II than SD-III in all cultivars. Correlation studies revealed that palmitoleic acid (C16:1) had a significant relationship between most of the fatty acids of the (n-7)/(n-9) family. The results indicated that palmitoleic acid is important in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and that the data for the (n-7)/(n-9) ratios for C22:1 could be used as biochemical markers to determine the similarities or differences between radish cultivars.

Alzheimer’s disease is the main reason for dementia, which increases with age. Cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant potentials of extracts and essential oils from bulbs of A. tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay & al., an endemic species to Tunceli (easthern Turkey), were evaluated. The fraction extracted of ethyl acetate had the highest phenolics level, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and thiobarbituric acid antioxidant capacity. Also, the ethyl acetate fraction presented the highest acetylcholinesterase (15.98 ± 2.76%), and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (47.33 ± 3.27%). Diallyl disulfide (49.8%), diallyl trisulfide (27.9%) and allyl methyl trisulfide (6.9%) were found to be the major components of essential oil. This paper shows that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. tuncelianum could be a potent source of antioxidant and anticholinesterase components.

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Brokkoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck)'de İlave Bor Gübrelemesinin Gelişme ve Verim Üzerine Etkisi