Floor tile bodies have excellent technical characteristics particularly as regards mechanical properties and frost resistance. Besides of these properties they could not have any deformation during ring. Considering oor tiles are generally red in roller kilns, tiles are moving along the kiln carried by the rollers. It is possible that tiles can be bended by the roller movement because it is submitted to vertical forces due to its own weight. Pyroplastic deformation is the bending of a ceramic specimen caused by gravity during heat treatment. It can be dened as deformation or the loss of a shape of a product during its ring. Deformation behaviour of the tiles is related to liquid phases formed during ring or to a reduced viscosity of these phases. In this study, eects of altering SiO2/Al2O3 ratio and Na2O/K2O ratio of the tile composition on the deformation behaviour of the oor tiles. Correlations between compositional change and deformation behaviour of the tile bodies will be also discussed in this presentation.
In recent years, the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile finishing companies has been discussed for their harmful effects on human health and environment. For this reason, the use of plant-based dyestuffs from the nature has begun to increase because of the biodegradability, nontoxicity, human health and waste water contamination. Natural dyes are substances synthesized by some plants, animals, lichens and fungi in nature. Fungal species, including lichenized fungi have been used as natural colorants in different parts of the world throughout the history. In this study, natural dyes were extracted from Lactarius deliciosus and Lactarius sanguifluus collected from Osmaniye province (East Mediterranean region) of Turkey. The adsorption UV-Vis spectra of the mushrooms were measured to examine major colorants, and FTIR analysis of natural dyes obtained from the mushrooms extracts was performed. According to the analyses, major colorants in the edible Lactarius species could be azulene and its derivatives. Wool yarn (for carpet) was dyed with these natural dyes by using different mordants. CIELab (L*, a*, b*, c* and h), color differences (ΔE) and color strength (K/S) values of dyed wool yarns were determined. According to the dyeing results, cream and brown colors were obtained from L. deliciosus and L. sanguifluus respectively; the use of mordant (ferrous sulfate) increased the color strength of dye goods. Besides, properties of rubbing and washing fastness were investigated, and the results of the dyed yarns were low/moderate. This is the first study on dyeing of wool yarns with natural dyes obtained from L. deliciosus and L. sanguifluus collected from East Mediterranean (Osmaniye province) of Turkey.
Anenergybanddiagrammodelhasbeenutiljzed to characterize theelecmhemicalbehaviourof Si. Anewpassivation phenomenon is presented and theundedying mechanisms of this new passivation effect is analyzed with the aid of the energy band diagram representation of the Si/KOH interface.
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