Dyeing of wool yarn with natural dyes of Lactarius deliciosus and L. sanguifluus from Turkey

Abstract

In recent years, the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile finishing companies has been discussed for their harmful effects on human health and environment. For this reason, the use of plant-based dyestuffs from the nature has begun to increase because of the biodegradability, nontoxicity, human health and waste water contamination. Natural dyes are substances synthesized by some plants, animals, lichens and fungi in nature. Fungal species, including lichenized fungi have been used as natural colorants in different parts of the world throughout the history. In this study, natural dyes were extracted from Lactarius deliciosus and Lactarius sanguifluus collected from Osmaniye province (East Mediterranean region) of Turkey. The adsorption UV-Vis spectra of the mushrooms were measured to examine major colorants, and FTIR analysis of natural dyes obtained from the mushrooms extracts was performed. According to the analyses, major colorants in the edible Lactarius species could be azulene and its derivatives. Wool yarn (for carpet) was dyed with these natural dyes by using different mordants. CIELab (L*, a*, b*, c* and h), color differences (ΔE) and color strength (K/S) values of dyed wool yarns were determined. According to the dyeing results, cream and brown colors were obtained from L. deliciosus and L. sanguifluus respectively; the use of mordant (ferrous sulfate) increased the color strength of dye goods. Besides, properties of rubbing and washing fastness were investigated, and the results of the dyed yarns were low/moderate. This is the first study on dyeing of wool yarns with natural dyes obtained from L. deliciosus and L. sanguifluus collected from East Mediterranean (Osmaniye province) of Turkey.

Structural Impact on Some Common Physical Properties of Single Jersey Weft Knit Fabric

“…Fabrics with higher yarn density, GSM, and extensibility show better bursting strength. 30,[34][35][36] When a fabric has high yarn density and GSM, there would be a greater number of yarns to withstand the pressure during testing, helping to distribute the pressure on a greater number of yarns. Fabrics with greater extensibility also show better bursting strength because the pressure during testing would have to overcome the extension before putting pressure leading to bursting on the fabric yarns.…”