In this study, we report, for the first time, on synthesis of lanthanum oxide [Formula: see text] nanoparticles NPs by laser ablation in water without using surfactant. The effect of laser wavelength on the optical and structural properties of [Formula: see text] NPs was investigated. X-ray diffraction studies show formation of polycrystalline lanthanum oxide with pure cubic phase and the crystallinity of the nanoparticles synthesized with [Formula: see text] nm was better than that prepared with [Formula: see text] nm. The optical absorption investigations reveal that a strong absorption peak at 234 nm was observed for [Formula: see text] NPs prepared at 532 nm laser wavelength. The optical energy gap of [Formula: see text] NPs synthesized with 532 and 1064 nm laser wavelengths were 5 and 4.5 eV, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation indicated the formation of nanoparticles with average particle size of 35 nm for [Formula: see text] prepared with 532 nm and was 75 nm for [Formula: see text] prepared with 1064 nm laser wavelength. The effect of laser wavelength on the optoelectronic properties of hybrid In/p-[Formula: see text]/n-Si photodetector was studied. The responsivity studies of the photodetectors show the presence of two response peaks at 250 and 750 nm.
In the early 90s military operations and United Nations Special Commission "UNSCOM" teams have been destroyed the past Iraqi chemical program. Both operations led an extensive number of scattered remnants of contaminated areas. The quantities of hazardous materials, incomplete destructed materials, and toxic chemicals were sealed in two bunkers. Deficiency of appropriate destruction technology led to spreading the contamination around the storage site. This paper aims to introduce the environmental detection of the contamination in the storage site area using geospatial analysis technique. The environmental contamination level of nutrients and major ions such as sulphate (SO 4), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), phosphate (PO 4) and nitrate (NO 3) were detected and analyzed. The grid soil samples on the site and surrounding areas have been investigated, analyzed, and compared to the background points. The storage area grid was divided into 30 major sectors and all samples were evaluated from acquires 10 samples from each sector. The detection results have indicated that SO 4 level was exceeded the permitted level by 25 times, K level also exceeded the permitted level but by 460, Na ions were 85 times greater the permitted level. Mg level was 180 times higher than that of permitted content. Activity level of Ca in the soil samples of the study area has also exhibited variability with nine times over the permitted level near the bunkers. However, very high contamination spot activity of Cl was found in destruction zone about which 44 times over the background level was found while PO 4 level exceeded the permitted level by 35 times over the permitted level and there was no activity detected for the nitrate in the storage area site.
In this work, boehmite AlO(OH) nanoparticles were synthesized by arc discharge technique. The structural, surface morphology and optical properties were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Ultraviolet-Visible-Near In far Red spectrophotometer respectively. XRD results show pure orthorhombic crystalline structure of gamma-AlO(OH). FTIR absorption spectrum shows that the boehmite nps have the octahedron region which extends from (400-800 cm -1 ) corresponding to the vibrational frequencies of Al-O bonding. The AFM shows that boehmite NPs are spherical in shape and the average diameter is around 89 nm. Finally the optical properties results show that the boehmite nps have absorption peak at 210 nm and an optical band gap of 4.1 eV.Boehmite nps was examined susceptibility to effect on the different types of bacteria, Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aurous (Gram-positive) strains bacteria.Boehmite NPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against two types of bacteria. Also, Staphylococcus aurous exhibited the highest sensitivity to boehmite NPs while Escherichia coli were the least sensitive.
In this work ZnO Nps were fabricated by liquid phase pulse laser ablation (LP-PLA) technique. The experiments were carried out by using the radiation of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at the 1060 nm wavelength, 9 ns pulse duration and 1 Hz repetition rate of Zn plate immersed in DIW water, the effect of laser pulses on the amount of ablated materials, structural, optical and morphology of ZnO Nps has been studied. The atomic absorption result shows that the amount of the ablated material is directly proportional to the number of laser pulses and the atomic force microscope show that the grain size of the obtained NPs are decrease with the number of laser pulses. The UV-Visible show a blue shift was recognized with a larger number of laser pulses while the photoluminescence result gives a blue shift with the decrease in number of laser pulses 198
In this work, Silver nanoparticles prepared by arc discharge method in deionized water by applying stablized direct current between two silver rods which are submerged in deionized water at room temperature without any heat exchanger, vacuum equipment and gas handling equipment. During electrical discharge the temperature between electrodes can reach several thousand Celsius degrees. This leads to etch of silver electrodes in deionized water, silver vapor condensed in water creats a stable silver aqueous suspension. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible photometer, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscope AFM. The optical absorption measurement shows that the spectrum exhibits a Plasmon absorption band at ~ 400 nm which is the characteristic of silver nanoparticles. X-Ray Diffraction of the resulting NPs indicated that the particles had a crystalline structure and the average particle size determined from AFM, is about 78.75 nm.
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