Escherichia coli O157:H7 is considered as an important pathogen of diarrhea in adult dogs and puppies because it contains virulence genes. The study objective was to the molecular detection of the rfbO157 encoding the O-antigen specific for E. coli O157: H7,shiga toxins and hemolysin genes of E.coli O157:H7 in feces of dogs that collected from different regions in Tikrit and Mosul cities, Iraq. One hundred fecal swabs were collected from pet and K9 dogs including (72 dogs with diarrhea, and 28 without diarrhea). All the Collected swabs were cultured in the nutrient and MacConkey agars, Then the suspected colonies were cultured in the EMB agar. Metallic sheen colonies were cultured by using the chrome agar. All bacteriological identified isolates were enrolled by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The results of this study showed that 7(9.7%) of 72 dogs suffered from diarrhea were positive for E. coli O157:H7 that contained the rfbO157 gene (n= 6), carry stx1 gene (n= 3), carry stx2 gene (n= 3), and hlyA gene (n= 1). On the other hand, 2 (7.1%) of 28 dogs without diarrhea were positive for E. coli O157:H7 that contained the rfbO157 gene (n= 1), stx2 gene (n= 1), and hlyA gene (n= 1). In conclusion, dogs can be a significant reservoir for pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, particularly dogs with diarrhea.

The antimicrobial resistance currently impedes and threatens the future of effective prevention and treatment of the continually expanding range of infections caused by bacteria. This study aimed to identify the bacterial causes the wound infection among animals and using the antibiotic/nanoparticles mixture as a new attempt for the treatment the wound infection induced in rats. For this purpose, 112 swabs wound infection cases in the different animal types (36 sheep, 21 goats, 12 cows, 4 horses, 8 dogs, 9 rabbits, 7 genies pigs and 15 rats) were studied in the for bacterial isolation. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested for its sensitivity to the antibiotics and the nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4) in vitro by using the MIC method. Also the wound infection was induced in the rats and the effect of nanoparticles/antibiotics mixture were tested in vivo. The results showed that P. aeruginosa was the predominant bacterial type that the caused wound infection. The minimum inhibitor concentration of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were 32 µg /ml and 16 µg /ml respectively. A clear synergistic effect of antibiotic/ nanoparticles as antibacterial were noticed which appear as a decrease in MIC and increase of the inhibitory diameter zone. According to the result of Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA test, the nanoparticles effects on genetic material of P. aeruginosa observed as an appearance/disappearance of bands, increase in thickness and clarity of the bands.

Burns patients are at high danger of nosocomial disease, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the mainly common causes of wound and systemic infection resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in burns patients. The appearance of multidrug resistant strains is up surging leading to problematical control. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify MDR-P. aeruginosa from the burn patients held in the burn unit and study the antibacterial activity and mechanism of Nickle Nanoparticles solution on bacterial isolated and evaluate by molecular and pathological techniques. This study was carried out on the Burn patients in Tikrit teaching hospital in Tikrit city / Iraq from January, 2017 to June, 2017. The scientific samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs from 60 patients with burn infection. P. aeruginosa that were recognized by cultural characteristics, Gram stain, and biochemical reactions. The results of the laboratory cultural of 60 cotton swabs used showed to isolated 35(58.3%) P. aeruginosa isolated and all bacterial isolates were resistant to Doxycycline hydrochloride, Penicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Cephalosporin and Penicillin. The study showed that the Nickel Ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) used to inhibit the growth of bacterial isolated by using different concentrations the MBC killer concentration was 256 μg / L and the lowest inhibitory concentration to P. aeruginosa was MIC 32 microgram / L). Molecular studies included the observation of the most important molecular changes at the level of DNA prior to and treatment with nanoparticles. Many variations were observed on the studied bacterial isolated. Variations include the appearance and disappearance of DNA and its different numbers when treated with nanoparticles. As for the results of the histopathological, it was found that the injury of mice with three antibiotic resistance isolates emerged after five days and the symptoms were heat, redness and swelling of the skin and the release of yellow and green purulent secretions from the place of injury. Which were treated with antimicrobial and nanoparticles together was faster than the time of the healing of nanoparticles treated only.

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