BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The published results of treating internal carotid artery aneurysms with the PED do not necessarily apply to its use in the posterior circulation because disabling brain stem infarcts can be caused by occlusion of a single perforator. In this multicenter study, we assessed the safety of PED placement in the posterior circulation.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Numerous reports of treatment of wide-neck aneurysms by flow diverters have been published; however, long-term outcomes remain uncertain. This article reports the imaging results of unruptured aneurysms treated electively with the Pipeline Embolization Device for up to 56 months and clinical results for up to 61 months.

Medically intractable SUNCT and SUNA subjects with a demonstrable aberrant arterial loop impinging on the trigeminal nerve on neuroimaging may benefit from microvascular decompression.

Purpose: The present study identified the physiological and performance characteristics that are deterministic during a maximal 1500-m time trial and in paced 1500-m time trials, with an all-out last lap. Methods: Thirtytwo trained middle-distance runners (n=21 male, VO2peak: 72.1±3.2; n=11, female, VO2peak: 61.2±3.7 mL•kg -1 •min -1 ) completed a 1500-m time trial in the fastest time possible (1500FAST) as well as a 1500MOD and 1500SLOW trial whereby mean speed was reduced during the 0-1100-m by 5% and 10%, respectively. Anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), running economy (RE), the velocity corresponding with VO2peak (VVO2peak), maximal sprint speed (MSS) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) were determined during additional testing. Carnosine content was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius and expressed as a Zscore to estimate muscle fibre typology. Results: 1500FAST time was best explained by RE and VVO2peak in female runners (adjusted r 2 =0.80, P<0.001), in addition to the 0-1100-m speed relative to VVO2peak in male runners (adjusted r 2 =0.72, P<0.001). Runners with a higher gastrocnemius carnosine Z-score (i.e., higher estimated percentage of type II fibres) and greater MAOD, reduced their last lap time to a greater extent in the paced 1500m trials. Neither ASR nor MSS were associated with last lap time in the paced trials. Conclusion: These findings suggest that VVO2 peak and RE are key determinants of 1500-m running performance with a sustained pace from the start, while a higher carnosine Z-score and MAOD are more important for last lap speed in tactical 1500-m races.