Oilseed crops are considered as one of the most essential dietary components in human consumption as well as animal feed. While drought is one of the most important abiotic stress that adversely effect on the yield and nutritional quality of major oilseed crops across the globe. Therefore, maintenance of nutritional quality in such crops under drought stress may offer good opportunities to
The rapidly increasing human population is an alarming issue and would need more food production under changing climate. Abiotic stresses like heat stress and temperature fluctuation are becoming key issues to be addressed for boosting crop production. Maize growth and productivity are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Grain yield losses in maize from heat stress are expected to increase owing to higher temperatures during the growing season. This situation demands the development of maize hybrids tolerant to heat and drought stresses without compromising grain yield under stress conditions. The chapter aimed to assess the updates on the influence of high-temperature stress (HTS) on the physio-biochemical processes in plants and to draw an association between yield components and heat stress on maize. Moreover, exogenous applications of protectants, antioxidants, and signaling molecules induce HTS tolerance in maize plants and could help the plants cope with HTS by scavenging reactive oxygen species, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and protection of cellular membranes by the accrual of compatible osmolytes. It is expected that a better thought of the physiological basis of HTS tolerance in maize plants will help to develop HTS maize cultivars. Developing HTS-tolerant maize varieties may ensure crops production sustainability along with promoting food and feed security under changing climate.
Demirel, M., Yilmaz, I., Deniz, S., Kaplan, 0. and Altdeniz, H. 2003. Effect of addition of urea or urea plus molasses to different corn silages harvested at dough stage on silage quality and digestible dry matter yield. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 7-16.To study the effects of 0.5% urea. aiid 0.5% ureaplus 4% inolasses r~. '
Materials and MethodsArifiye, Frassino, Rx-947 and 3394 corn cultivars were harvested at dough stage, chopped and three treatment groups: control, with 0.5% urea and with 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses were formed. Total 36 silage samples (4 cultivars, 3 treatment groups and 3 replications) were put into one kg jars and pressed. Lid of jars were punched anrl lid side of jars were put on floor for 48 h to drain out excess water. Jars were opened after 90 days. pH of silages was measured as soon as jars were opened. Using Whatman 64 filter paper, filtered silagc liquids and silage fluid were stored in deep freezer until they werc analyzed. Organic acid analyses were made according to method of Leventini et al. (1990) using gas chromatography.Crude protein analyses of silage samples were made by using wet samples. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude ash were analyzed by Weende method (I3ulgurlu and Ergiil, 1978). Van Soest and Robertson (1979) methods were applied to analyze AD17 and NDF. Tilley and Terry's (1963) methods (modified by Marten and Barnes, 1980) were used to Zeterinine i i i r:ilw dry mattcr digestibility (IVDMD) of silage samples. Ruininal ingesta from an Addition of urea to corn silage 9 alfalfa-fed ruminally fistulated ram was hand-collected and strained through four layers of cheesecloth to provide the inoculate for IVDMD determination.Results were analyzed by analysis of variance (SAS, 1998).Treatment means were separated with Duncan test at PcO.05 (Duzgunes, et al., 1978).
Results and DiscussionProximate composition of different silages differed by cultivars and supplements, whereas, their interactions were significant for DM, CP and ADF only ( Cultivars' effect on per cent NDF (P
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