PurposeThe aim of the study was to statistically compare intraocular pressure (IOP) values measured using noncontact tonometer (NCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) with fluorescein (fGAT), and GAT without fluorescein (nGAT). The study was also performed to test whether the values obtained using each technique change in accordance with the central corneal thickness (CCT) and refractive and keratometric values.Study designThis study was a prospective study of 188 eyes of 94 healthy volunteers. Methods: IOP was measured using fGAT, nGAT and NCT. CCT, refractive values, and keratometric values were measured, and the correlations and differences in the IOP for each tonometer were investigated.ResultsThe mean IOP values obtained with the NCT, nGAT, and fGAT were 17.5±3.7, 12.3±2.7, and 12.5±2 mmHg. The mean CCT was 538.2±34.4 µm, the mean refractive value was 0.9±1.2 D, and the mean keratometric value was 43.5±1.5 D. NCT was positively correlated with fGAT and GAT values and was significantly higher than both the values. There were no differences between fGAT and GAT values. No correlation was observed between the CCT and keratometric and refractive values and the difference between NCT and nGAT or fGAT.ConclusionDifferences in the measurements obtained using nGAT and fGAT were insignificant (P>0.05). Both values were positively correlated with NCT measurements (r =0.354, P<0.05) and were independent of CCT, keratometry, and refraction values. nGAT appears to be suitable for use in routine clinic practice.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures to distinguish eyes with glaucoma from normal eyes. Materials and Methods: A total of 9,950 fundus photographs of 5,388 patients from the database of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine Ophthalmology Clinic were labelled as glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, or normal by three different experienced ophthalmologists. The categorized fundus photographs were evaluated using a state-of-the-art two-dimensional CNN and compared with deep residual networks (ResNet) and very deep neural networks (VGG). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of glaucoma detection with the different algorithms were evaluated using a dataset of 238 normal and 320 glaucomatous fundus photographs. For the detection of suspected glaucoma, ResNet-101 architectures were tested with a data set of 170 normal, 170 glaucoma, and 167 glaucoma-suspect fundus photographs. Results: Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting glaucoma were 96.2%, 99.5%, and 93.7% with ResNet-50; 97.4%, 97.8%, and 97.1% with ResNet-101; 98.9%, 100%, and 98.1% with VGG-19, and 99.4%, 100%, and 99% with the 2D CNN, respectively. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values in distinguishing glaucoma suspects from normal eyes were 62%, 68%, and 56% and those for differentiating glaucoma from suspected glaucoma were 92%, 81%, and 97%, respectively. While 55 photographs could be evaluated in 2 seconds with CNN, a clinician spent an average of 24.2 seconds to evaluate a single photograph. Conclusion: An appropriately designed and trained CNN was able to distinguish glaucoma with high accuracy even with a small number of fundus photographs.

The authors report a case of scleral dellen occurrence after fibrin glue use in strabismus surgery. The complication was well managed and it may alert surgeons preferring fibrin glue for conjunctival closure to the possibility of scleral dellen occurrence.

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Background and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 0.2% olopatadine and to compare olopatadine 0.1%, ketotifen 0.025% and emadastine 0.05% in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: In this retrospectively designed study, we investigated the files of patients who had been diagnosed with perineal or seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in the teaching hospital of Maltepe University between April 2017 and July 2017. We divided the patients into four groups. The patients in each group had similar symptoms and scores before medication. The first, second, third and fourth groups were prescribed olapatadine 0.1%, olopatadine 0.2%, ketotifen 0.025% and emedastine 0.05%, respectively. We evaluated the symptoms and signs of the patients on the 15th day after treatment, and compared the results between the groups. Results: We investigated the files of 80 patients. There were 20 patients in each group. We evaluated the symptoms and finding scores after treatment. The symptoms and findings of allergic conjunctivitis had improved in all the four groups. There was no difference in the treatment responses between the four groups. Conclusion: Olopatadine 0.2%, olopatadine 0.1%, ketotifen 0.025% and emedastine 0.05% were all equally effective in improving the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.

In the Article the main sources of danger in the operation of technological equipment are considered. The main sources of hazards have been identified -this is the problem of the emergence and development of a thermal explosion during the operation of technological equipment and storage facilities. The basic conditions for the analysis of the occurrence and development of a thermal explosion are derived based on an analysis of the equations of thermal and material balance in reactors and other equipment, where exothermic reactions can occur.Equations are obtained for a different mechanism of heat energy transfer, due to conduction, and convection, both forced and natural. The basics of numerical methods for solving the corresponding equations in partial derivatives are considered.

Retinal ven oklüzyonu önlenebilir körlük nedenleri arasında yeralmaktadır. En önemli risk faktörleri yaş ve hipertansiyondur. Çalışmamızın amacı geniş bir kırsal kesimde ven oklüzyonu prevelansını saptama ve risk faktörlerini belirlemekti. Gereç ve Yöntem: Eskişehir kırsal bölgesinde sağlık ocaklarına başvuran ve non-midriyatik fundus kamara ile retinal fundus fotoğrafları çekilebilen hastaların fotoğrafları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Ven dal oklüzyonu (VDO) saptanan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, sistolik kan basıncı (SKB), diyastolik kan basıncı (DKB), diyabetes mellitus (DM) / hipertansiyon (HT) hikayesi, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, kullanılan ilaçların ve vücut kitle indeksinin (VKİ) yazılı olduğu anket formları değerlendirildi. Sonuçların istatistiksel analizi SPSS 15.0 ve SigmaStat 3.5 paket programları kullanılarak yapıldı. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunlukları Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile değerlendirildi. Kategorik değişkenlerin (cinsiyet, sigara/alkol kullanımı, DM/HT varlığı) değerlendirilmesinde Ki-Kare testi, sürekli değişkenlerin (yaş, vücut kitle indeksi ve kan basıncı değerleri) değerlendirilmesinde Mann Whitney U testi kullanıldı. p<0.05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Cinsiyet, yaş, HT varlığı, SKB, DKB değerleri iki grup arasında farklı iken; alkol ve sigara kullanımı, DM ve VKİ açısından iki grup arasında fark gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç: Yaş ve HT VDO için en önemli risk faktörleridir. HT müdahale edilebilen bir değişken olduğundan, HT kontrolü hasta sağ kalımı açısından önemlidir.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronic acid/trehalose drop for corneal epithelial and stromal healing after phacoemulsification surgery. It is a retrospective randomized comparative study. The patients had phacoemulsification surgery divided into two groups. These patients received either a mixture of sodium hyaluronate and Trehalose (Group 1) or sodium hyaluronate 0.15% (Group 2) postoperatively. The effect on corneal epithelial and stromal healing was evaluated using Oxford staining and the vertical scar length measured by optical coherence tomography. Preoperative and post-operative findings for Oxford staining, Schirmer's test, tear film break-uptime, and ocular surface disease index scores were also evaluated. The correlation between scar length and tear film parameters was examined. The effect of Trehalose on the epithelial healing and stromal scar formation was assessed. Group 1 and 2 each had 30 eyes. The two groups were similar according to age and sex distribution. In terms of epithelial healing, it was faster in the trehalose group, although there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The length of the stromal scar was not significantly different between groups. However, a smaller scar formation was observed in group 1 compared to those in group 2 at both one week and one month postoperatively. There was also no significant difference between the groups in tear film parameters. The stromal scar length was correlated with the Schirmer test on the 15th day. Although it was not statistically significant, the hyaluronic acid/trehalose may affect epithelial healing and stromal scar formation positively after phacoemulsification surgery. Larger and longer studies are needed.