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Although electromagnetic launchers (EMLs) are superior to classical gun-powder-based launchers, they have to withstand extreme electrical and mechanical conditions. Therefore, the optimal design and precise simulations of these devices are crucial. In this article, a new simulation strategy for EMLs is proposed in order to achieve high accuracy and reduced complexity. The inductance and electromotive force (EMF) variations in the transient, which have a considerable influence on the launch process, are modeled using the finite element method (FEM) coupled with electrical circuit simulation. The proposed method has a good agreement with the experimental results of two EMLs (EMFY-1 and EMFY-2), which have 25-and 50-mm square bores and 3-m-length launchers. The study showed that the hybrid model with transient inductance and EMF calculations showed a good agreement with experiments that have 625 kJ-3.241-MJ input energies.

Analysis of the velocity skin effect (VSE) in electromagnetic launchers (EMLs) requires a 3-D transient finite element method, unlike magnetic skin and proximity effects. However, VSE is dominant at high speeds, and this creates convergence problems when moving or deformed mesh physics is used in a transient FEM in the 3-D analysis. Commercial finite element software cannot solve the electromagnetic aspects of such a high-speed application with a transient solver in 3-D. Although 2-D approximations can be used, such an approximation overestimates VSE resistance due to geometry simplifications. In this study, we proposed a novel quasi-transient 3-D FEM model where the air-armature region's conductivity is varied to emulate the high-speed motion of the armature. Results showed that 2-D approximation; overestimates the VSE resistance by almost 40%. The proposed VSE model has been included in the EML model, and simulation results compared for experimental results with different EMLs, EMFY-1 and EMFY-2, and showed good agreement.

The global promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) through various incentives has led to a significant increase in their sales. However, the prolonged charging duration remains a significant hindrance to the widespread adoption of these vehicles and the broader electrification of transportation. While DC-fast chargers have the potential to significantly reduce charging time, they also result in high power demands on the grid, which can lead to power quality issues and congestion. One solution to this problem is the integration of a battery energy storage system (BESS) to decrease peak power demand on the grid. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art use of DC-fast chargers coupled with a BESS. The focus of the paper is on industrial charger architectures and topologies. Additionally, this paper presents various reliability-oriented design methods, prognostic health monitoring techniques, and low-level/system-level control methods. Special emphasis is placed on strategies that can increase the lifetime of these systems. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing various cooling methods for power electronics and stationary/EV batteries.

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