No abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate dry matter (DM) yield and seed yield of six leafed and semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes, and to compare them for these traits. Evaluation of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction, stability and cluster analysis were also carried out at eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean and Mediterranean-type climate during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. Significant differences were found among the pea genotypes for DM and seed yield on individual years and combined over years, and in all locations. All interactions which related to G × E interaction showed significance (P>0.001) for DM and seed yield. The highest yield (4789 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from the leafed genotype 'Urunlu'. However, stability analysis indicated that for DM yield, the leafed genotypes 'Golyazi' and 'Urunlu' should be grown in low yielding and high yielding environments, respectively. Cluster analysis, based on grouping locations, showed that P101 was the preferred variety in low yielding environments, and P98, in high yielding ones. It was suggested that the use of both stability and cluster analyses might give better results. Comparison of cluster and stability analyses showed that the stability analysis fails to recommend cultivars to different regions where yield potential showed significant differences. It seems, however, that cluster analysis could be a powerful tool to examine G × E interaction. If the number of environments was sufficient, a separate stability analysis could be run in each cluster.Additional key words: adaptation, cluster, leafed and semi-leafless peas, Mediterranean conditions, stability. ResumenInteracción genotipo × ambiente y análisis de estabilidad para rendimiento de materia seca y de semilla en guisante (Pisum sativum L.)Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar y comparar el rendimiento de materia seca (DM) y de semilla de seis genotipos de guisante con hojas convencionales y semiafilas. Además, se evaluó la interacción genotipo × ambiente (G × E) y se realizaron análisis de estabilidad y tipo cluster en ocho localidades de clima mediterráneo, durante las temporadas 2001-2002 y 2002-2003. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre genotipos para rendimiento de DM y de semilla, tanto para años individuales como combinados, así como en todas las localidades. Todas las interacciones G × E fueron Field pea adaptation and stability 97 significativas (P>0,001) para rendimiento en DM y semilla. Se obtuvo la producción más alta (4789 kg ha -1 ) con el genotipo de hoja convencional 'Urunlu'. El análisis de estabilidad indicó que, para rendimiento en DM, los genotipos 'Golyazi' y 'Urunlu' deben cultivarse en ambientes de baja y alta producción, respectivamente. El análisis cluster, basado en agrupamiento de localidades, mostró que la variedad P101 fue la mejor en ambientes de baja producción, y la P98 en los de alta producción. Al comparar los análisis de estabilidad y de tipo cluster se vio que el primero falla al recome...

Winter cereals can provide feed earlier than annual grasses since they are generally more adaptable to early sowing due to their higher tolerance of dry conditions. Cereals are also better suited to single-cut silagemaking, whereas annual grasses require multiple cuts or grazings to be fully utilised. A field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different harvest stages on the dry matter yield and silage quality of some winter cereals, during 2009-2011 growing season. Effects of three different harvest stages (early heading, milky stage, mid-dough stage) on five cereals (Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Triticosecale, Avena sativa) were tested. The experiment was arranged in split block with four replications. Results indicated that, it was possible to produce an average of 10.9 t ha -1 dry matter yield and an average of 9.2% crude protein content at mid-dough stage in regions with Mediterranean-type climates. It was also concluded that Avena sativa should be preferred for high biomass yield and should be cut at the beginning of mid-dough maturity stages for higher quality silage.

The aims of this study were to determine the adaptability of giant king grass (Pennisetum hybridum) under Mediterranean climate conditions, and also to determine whether proper plant densities could improve growth and yield.

This study was conducted in Bornova experimental fields of Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ege, Turkey during 2015 and 2016, in order to determine the effect of six different cutting intervals (30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 150-and 180-days) on the forage yield and some quality properties of giant king grass (Pennisetum hybridum). The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks, with three replications. 6 years old, Paraíso cultivar of giant king grass (GKG) was used as crop material. Some characteristics were measured such as dry matter (DM) yield, concentrations of crude protein (CP), NDF and ADF. Results indicated that there were significant effects of cutting intervals on the yields and some silage quality characteristics of GKG, and, metabolisable energy and relative forage values decreased as inter-cutting interval increased. It was recommended that the production of GKG using 60-day intervals were the most successful cutting frequency regarding the forage yield and silage quality to the regions with Mediterranean-type climates under irrigation.

ABSTRACT). It was also concluded that fodder watermelon fruits can be easily stored 210 days with 24% weight loss without any rot.

Mayıs, 15 Mayıs) kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)'da tane verimi ve diğer bazı verim özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlar; ekim zamanları arasında bitki boyu, ana salkım uzunluğu, tane verimi açısından önemli farklar bulunduğunu ancak hektolitre ağırlığı bakımından önemli fark olmadığını, en yüksek tane veriminin Nisan ayının ilk yarısında yapılan ekimlerden 216 kg/da olarak sağlandığını göstermiştir. ABSTRACT his study was conducted in order to determine the effects of different sowing dates (1 March, 15 March, 1 April, 15 April, 1 May, 15 May) on the grain yield and some other yield characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) grown under Mediterranean ecological conditions of Bornova-Izmir during two years in 2012-2013. Two years average results indicated that, sowing dates affected the growth and productivity of quinoa due to differences in temperature, precipitation and relative humidity over the year and there were significant differences among the sowing dates in terms of plant height, main inflorescence length and grain yield but not hectoliter weight. The highest grain yields were obtained when quinoa sown in the first half period of April being 2160 kg ha-1. GİRİŞ Kazayağıgiller veya Ispanakgiller (Chenopodiacea) familyasının bir üyesi olan Kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), fizyolojik olarak C-3 bitkileri grubunda, çift çenekli, tek yıllık ve allotetraploid (2n=4x=36) (Simmonds, 1971) bir bitkidir. Kökenini Güney Amerika'dan alan kinoanın, Bolivya ve Peru And'larında 5000 yıldan beri kültürü yapılmakta olup (Pearsall, 1992), 1980'lerin başlarında Avrupa kıtasına getirilmiştir. Deniz seviyesinden 4000 m yüksekliklerde yetişebilen bitki (Jacobsen, 2003), sahip olduğu genetik çeşitlilik nedeniyle geniş bir uyum yeteneğine sahiptir. Ülkemizde geniş alanlarda yetiştiri-ciliği henüz yapılmamakla birlikte, Adana ve Konya'da minik tarlalarda üretimine başlanmıştır. Aslen gerçek bir tahıl olmayan kinoa, dünyada tahıllar grubunda değerlendirilmektedir. Tohumlarındaki yüksek protein içeriği ve lisin gibi temel amino asit varlığının dışında, vitamin ve mineral açısından da zengindir (Comai et al., 2007). Protein içeriği %13-21, yağ içeriği %10-18 arasında değişmektedir (Bhargava et al., 2007). Nişasta, kül ve ham selüloz içerikleri ise sırasıyla %60, %5, ve %4 civarındadır. Tohumlarındaki P ve K içeriklerinin toplamı %65 kadardır (DeBruin, 1964). Tohum kabuğu acı saponin bileşikleriyle kaplı olduğundan, insanlar tarafın

uz stresi bitkisel üretimi sınırlayan en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Bir And bölgesi bitkisi olan kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)'nın cansız stres faktörlerine dikkate değer ölçüde toleransı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2015 yılında kontrollü şartlarda uygulanan farklı tuz seviyelerinin (0-75-150-225-300-375 mM NaCl) kinoada tane verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede bitki boyu, dal sayısı, salkım sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi, tane verimi ve tane ham protein oranı gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, artan tuz seviyelerinin kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında yukarıda bahsedilen özellikleri olumsuz yönde etkilediğini, ancak bin tane ağırlığının etkilenmediğini göstermiştir.ABSTRACT alt stress is one of the main abiotic factors limiting crop productivity on the world. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an Andean plant showing a remarkable tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of different salt concentrations (0-75-150-225-300-375 mM NaCl) on the grain yield and some yield characteristics of quinoa under controlled conditions in 2015. Traits tested in the experiment were plant height, number of branches, biomass yield, number of inflorescence, 1000 seed weight, harvest index, grain yield and crude protein content of grain. Results indicated that increasing salt levels negatively affected above mentioned traits compared to control, but thousand grain weights was not affected by salt.