This review concentrates on two aspects of how total flavonoid content and individual flavonoid compounds change with the perception of environmental stress and the subsequent changes in those metabolites after post-harvest conditions are of the main points of the study. Hereby, along with this study, the flavonoid synthesis or their accumulation with their importance in plants and then in humans is briefly described. According to the literature cited herein, it seems that a universal mechanism concerned with flavonoid accumulation in response to the abiotic stress factors cannot be illustrated. Flavonoid accumulation exhibits different reactions to the different stressors. Flavonoid accumulation behavior not only varies depending on the developmental stage, species and even cultivars of the same species but also post-harvest processes.

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The concentration of radium and radon has been determined in drinking water samples collected from various locations of Kutahya city, Turkey. The water samples are taken from public water sources and tap water, with the collector chamber method used to measure the radon and radium concentration. The radon concentration ranges between 0.1 and 48.6±1.7 Bq l(-1), while the radium concentration varies from a minimum detectable activity of <0.02-0.7±0.2 Bq l(-1) in Kutahya city. In addition to the radon and radium levels, parameters such as pH, conductivity and temperature of the water, humidity, pressure, elevation and the coordinates of the sampling points have also been measured and recorded. The annual effective dose from radon and radium due to typical water usage has been calculated. The resulting contribution to the annual effective dose due to radon ingestion varies between 0.3 and 124.2 μSv y(-1); the contribution to the annual effective dose due to radium ingestion varies between 0 and 143.3 μSv y(-1); the dose contribution to the stomach due to radon ingestion varies between 0.03 and 14.9 μSv y(-1). The dose contribution due to radon inhalation ranges between 0.3 and 122.5 μSv y(-1), assuming a typical transfer of radon in water to the air. For the overwhelming majority of the Kutahya population, it is determined that the average radiation exposure from drinking water is less than 73.6 µSv y(-1).

The analysis of natural radioactivity from U,Th and K in 357 soil samples collected from the province of Kütahya was carried out using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectroscopy system at the Nuclear Physics Research Laboratory, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey. The specific activities ofU, Th andK in the soil samples were evaluated. From the activity concentrations of U,Th and K, the total absorbed outdoor gamma-ray dose rates and the corresponding annual effective dose rates were determined. The corresponding values of the external and internal hazard indices of all the soil samples were also calculated. The external gamma-ray dose rate at 1 m above the ground was directly measured at each collected soil sample location. The results obtained in this study were compared within the limits of values obtained in other cities of Turkey, those in other countries. Radiological maps of Kütahya Province were constructed from the results of this study.

Indoor radon concentrations are subject to seasonal variation, which directly depends on weather conditions. The seasonal indoor radon concentrations were measured and the annual effective dose was estimated for the city centre of Eskisehir, Turkey. In order to reflect annual averages measurements were performed over all seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) including also the entire year. Measurements were carried out using Kodak-Pathe LR 115 Type II passive alpha track detectors in 220 different houses. A total of 534 measurements including measurements of different seasons were taken between 2010 and 2011. The radon concentrations for winter ranged from 34 to 531 Bq m(-3), for spring ranged from 22 to 424 Bq m(-3), for summer ranged from 25 to 320 Bq m(-3), and for autumn ranged from 19 to 412 Bq m(-3). Yearly measurements ranged from 19 to 338 Bq m(-3). In this study the average annual effective total dose from radon and its decay products was calculated to be 3.398 mSv y(-1).

Background: Olive leaves have recently gained attention owing to its antioxidant antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. Bioactive contents of olive leaves differ according to cultivation area, ecological conditions, age of tree, agronomical practices, cultivar, leaf growth stage and other abiotic and biotic stress factors. Material and Method: In this study, Olea europaea L. cultivar (Kilis Yaglık) at different age grown in Kilis were examined. In this context, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and oleuropein content of young and old tree leaves were determined. Results: Correlations between total phenolic, total flavonoid and oleuropein in young and old trees of Kilis Yaglık cv. were found to be significant with respect to the content of each other, cultivars and age under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Conclusion: In the current study, more phenolic compounds and oleuropein were determined in young trees of cv. Kilis Yaglık whereas the higher total amounts of flavonoids were obtained in old trees. There were positive strong-correlation in terms of total phenolic and oleuropein contents and positive-moderate correlation in relation to the total flavonoid content between old and young trees of cv. Kilis Yaglık.

The KAHVE Laboratory, at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey is home to an educational proton linac project. The proton beam will originate from a 20 keV H+ source and will be delivered to a two module Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz via a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line. Currently, the design phase being over, commissioning and stability tests are ongoing for the proton beamline which is already produced and installed except the RFQ which is being manufactured. This work summarizes the design, production and test phases of the ion source and LEBT line components.

Olive oil includes high amounts of phenols and polyphenols. Through health benefits to humans, the antioxidant role of polyphenols that contain more than two phenolic hydroxyl groups has been well proven. Of those polyphenols, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, catechin, chlorogenic acids, hesperidin, nobiletin, and isoflavones are major compounds. Along with the present study, (1) the uses and biological roles of polyphenols have not been limited to their physiological roles to human health; their physiological roles for plant and aromatic values for plant are also evaluated; (2) possible roles of major components in response to environmental stressors are discussed; (3) bibliometric analysis of studies concerned with polyphenols in olive fruit oil has been done to evaluate the research trends concerned with polyphenol in olive fruit oil, considering the main theme of the studies. The study is concluded with highlights, limitation, and future outlooks.