Determination of radon and radium concentrations in drinking water samples around the city of Kutahya

Abstract

The concentration of radium and radon has been determined in drinking water samples collected from various locations of Kutahya city, Turkey. The water samples are taken from public water sources and tap water, with the collector chamber method used to measure the radon and radium concentration. The radon concentration ranges between 0.1 and 48.6±1.7 Bq l(-1), while the radium concentration varies from a minimum detectable activity of <0.02-0.7±0.2 Bq l(-1) in Kutahya city. In addition to the radon and radium levels, parameters such as pH, conductivity and temperature of the water, humidity, pressure, elevation and the coordinates of the sampling points have also been measured and recorded. The annual effective dose from radon and radium due to typical water usage has been calculated. The resulting contribution to the annual effective dose due to radon ingestion varies between 0.3 and 124.2 μSv y(-1); the contribution to the annual effective dose due to radium ingestion varies between 0 and 143.3 μSv y(-1); the dose contribution to the stomach due to radon ingestion varies between 0.03 and 14.9 μSv y(-1). The dose contribution due to radon inhalation ranges between 0.3 and 122.5 μSv y(-1), assuming a typical transfer of radon in water to the air. For the overwhelming majority of the Kutahya population, it is determined that the average radiation exposure from drinking water is less than 73.6 µSv y(-1).

Radon concentration in drinking water in villages nearby Rafsanjan fault and evaluation the annual effective dose

“…Effective doses obtained between 0.0043-0.0496 mSvY -1 [3]. Radium and radon concentration in drinking water (sources of drinking water and piped water) in Kutahya in Turkey were measured by Sahin et al in 2013. Radon concentration was ranged from 0.1 to 48.6 BqL -1 .…”

“…Radon concentration was ranged from 0.1 to 48.6 BqL -1 . The annual effective dose resulting from ingestion of radon was measured as 0.3-124 lSvY -1 and effective dose due to radon inhalation was measured as 0.3-122.5 lSvY -1 [15]. A study in 2013 by Duugal et al was carried out to determine the radon concentration of 260 groundwater samples in 65 villages in India, Punjab.…”

Radon concentration in drinking water sources of the region adjacent to a tectonically active Karak Thrust, southern Kohat Plateau, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…However, the mean radon concentration and the total mean annual effective dose of the drinking water samples of this study are higher than the mean radon concentration and the total annual effective dose of 2.07 Bq l -1 and 0.0076 mSv a -1 , respectively, in the drinking water samples from the Varahi, command area of India [33]. The mean radon concentration of 9.4 Bq l -1 in the drinking water samples from the studied area is slightly higher than the mean radon concentration of 8.2 Bq -1 in the drinking water samples from Dikili region of Turkey [34], mean radon concentration of 6.8 Bq -1 in the drinking water samples from Milano area of Italy [35], and mean radon concentration of 6.1 Bq -1 in the drinking water samples from Kutahya area of Turkey [36].…”

“…Our mean anural effective doses of 0.002 and 0.024 mSv a -1 due to ingestion and inhalation from radon in water are similar (within error limit) to the mean annual effective doses of 0.002 and 0.025 mSv a -1 of UNSCEAR due to ingestion and inhalation, respectively. In Table 3 radon concentrations and mean annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation from the drinking water sources of the study area have been compared with the results of similar studies conducted in the different regions and countries [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The mean radon concentration of 9.4 ± 0.4 Bq l -1 in the water samples of this study is higher than the mean radon concentration of 4.38 ± 0.44 Bq l -1 in drinking water samples of Murre area, Pakistan [29].…”

Measurement of radium-226 concentration and dose calculation of drinking water samples in Guilan province of Iran

“…Sahin et al (18) Zahedan, Iran Springs, wells and river < 2-3 mBql -1 (well water) 5 mBql -1 (river) < 2 mBql -1 (spring water)…”