Introduction: Nutritional assessment is the most effective way of preventing obesity and malnutrition in the elderly. Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the nutritional status of people living in the nursing home, and to determine blood glucose and arterial blood pressure. Method: In November 2017, thirty-six people aged over 60 were included in the study. The body composition was determined by bioimpedance scale ‘In Body 230’. The fasting blood glucose level was determined by a digital blood glucose meter and the arterial blood pressure was determined by a digital blood pressure monitor. Results: Body composition of the participants showed that 36.1% are classified as overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25–29.9 kg/m2) and 36.1% as obese (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2). Obesity (50%) is predominantly recorded at the age of 75–84 years. 44% of the subjects did not have a glycemic response, with an average fasting blood sugar of 7.27 ± 2.03 mmol/L. The mean arterial blood pressure was 143.6/79.5 mmHg. Nearly 60% of the examined elderly people are hypertensive. Conclusions: Obesity was diagnosed in more than one third of the elderly and 70% had high cardiovascular comorbidity. According to these findings, nursing homes need to pay more attention to the amount and quality of meals in order to avoid complications. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(9): 349–358.
It is estimated that almost half of the adult population suffers from arterial hypertension in the Republic of Serbia. The development of arterial hypertension and its complications can be successfully controlled and prevented. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, that is, the DASH diet is one of the most efficient dietary eating patterns in the control of hypertension. It leads to an average reduction in blood pressure by 4 to 15 mmHg, supports the optimization of body mass and lipids in the blood serum. The DASH diet promotes rational and balanced diet. In order to bring principles of the DASH diet closer to patients, it is necessary to adequately engage a nutritionist - dietician in working with high-risk patients. The paper presents practical recommendations for the implementation of the DASH diet and includes illustrations that serve to improve counseling work with patients in primary health care.
Introduction. Adolescence is the period when children, due to increased obligations at school, disrupt their usual lifestyle, they often skip family meals, and usually consume "fast food". The goal of the paper is to determine the eating habits of secondary school students, and to determine the difference in eating habits between boys and girls. Method. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study during 2015/16 school year, in a medical school in Novi Sad and a technical school in Subotica. The research instrument was a part of questionnaire designed for the "Health status, health needs and utilization of health services in Serbia", which was anonymous and voluntary, filled out by 209 students (107 male and 102 female), aged 14-18 years. The data was analyzed by the statistical package SPSS. To determine the statistical significance and frequency in the consumption of daily meals, fruits, vegetables and sweets between girls and boys, we used the method of crossed tables and Pearson 2 test. Results. Regular breakfast had 51.2% of respondents, 34.4% had breakfast only several days a week, while 14.4% never had breakfast. Each day lunch had 68.9% of respondents, and 56% had each day dinner. Daily consumption of fruits was recorded in 20.1%, and vegetables by 14.4% of the tested adolescents. One third of them used to eat non-cereal plant foods only every 2-4 days. At least once or even several times a day sweets were consumed by 21.1% of the respondents. Conclusion. A relatively large percentage of the tested adolescent population in both schools had irregular breakfast and lunch, 4/5 students did not use fruit in their daily diet, however sweets all respondents used several times a day. Girls were more frequently recorded to avoid a meal, consumed more sweets, snacks and fizzy drinks, while boys preferred greasy foods.
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the most common diseases that have consequences for the functioning of the whole organism. Because they are incurable, efforts to improve health through nutrition are noticeable in all countries. The following paper presents the nutritional aspects of the most common neurological diseases (stroke, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, autism, epilepsy, autoimmune nerves of the nervous system). In the dietary therapy of neurological diseases, in addition to adequate nutrition rich in fruits and vegetables, the increased use of B and D vitamins, the use of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids is emphasized in order to reduce inflammation and normalization of nerve function. In the diet, it is necessary to avoid simple carbohydrates, processed foods, food additives and alcohol. A ketogenic diet with low carbohydrates and increased fat intake has proven to have a positive effect on the brain's function of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease and migraine.
Au tor za ko res pon den ci ju/Corresponding aut hor : Hajnalka Požar, Medicinska škola "7.april", Vojvode Knićanina 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Srbija, Profesor zdravstvene njege,
Background: Nurses have an important role in the treatment of people with diabetes. However, the information which is transmitted to patients greatly depends on their knowledge of the subject. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge about diabetes among professional nurses. Method: The survey was conducted as a cross-sectional study in which 80 nursing students participated from high school in Subotica. The level of knowledge was evaluated using the Diabetes Knowledge Test. For statistical analysis, we used SPSS statistical program, methods of descriptive statistics. Results: Respondents have low skills (58.75%) in nutritional needs. Medium knowledge about controlling blood sugar (60%), and intermediate level of knowledge (63%) of chronic complications. The total knowledge about diabetes was 64.36%. Conclusion: The intermediate level of knowledge of diabetes, and low nutrition knowledge, which is the main activity of patient education by nurses, alerts us to possible errors in health educational work.
Дијабетес и друге масовно незаразне болести и њихове компликације представљају велики јавно-здравствени проблем. Шећерна болест је значајан узрок радне неспособности, инвалидитета, великих трошкова здравствене заштите и превремене смртности. Тип 2 дијабетеса може се превенирати здравим стилом живота, здравом телесном масом и физичком активношћу. Највећи потенцијал за побољшање здравља лежи у свеобухватној стратегији која истовремено промовише промоцију здравља на нивоу становништва и програмe за превенцију болести, који је активно фокусиран на групе и појединце са високим ризиком да би се обезбедила максималнa покривеност ефикасног лечења и неге. У овом раду су анализиранe могућности превенције дијабетеса типа 2. Дати су савети за успешно спровођење здравствено-васпитног рада са пацијентима, што је једaн од основних задатака медицинских сестара, а уколико се врши на одговарајући начин може утицати на смањење једног од најзначајнијих јавно-здравствених проблема савременог друштва. Кључне речи: дијабетес, превенција, здрав ствена едукација, правилна исхрана. Summary Diabetes and other chronic non-infectious diseases and their complications are a large public health problem. Diabetes is a significant cause of disability, large health care costs and premature death. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle, a healthy body weight and physical activity. The greatest potential for improving health lies in a comprehensive strategy that simultaneously promotes health еducation in the population and programs for the prevention of disease, which has been focused on groups and individuals at high risk, and ensures maximum coverage of effective treatment and care. This paper analyzes the possibilities for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. It gives tips for a successful implementation of health education work with patients, which is one of the basic tasks at nursing, and if performed correctly, can decrease one of the most important public health problems of modern society.
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