The present study focuses the synthesis of polyaniline nanoparticles (PANP) by rapid mixing polymerization method. They were recognized by FTIR and SEM techniques. Moreover they were utilized for the removal of Crystal Violet (CV) dye by ultrasonicated adsorption process. It ensures a quick alternative method compared to other conventional processes, which led to enhancement of mass transfer by ultrasound waves. The effectiveness of the process was confirmed through the effect of certain conditions like sonication time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and CV concentrations. The validity of the process was estimated by various adsorption isotherms. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies was also conducted to authenticate the process. The optimum operating parameters (OOP) were evaluated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) for the removal of CV dye. Moreover analysis of variances (ANOVA) was employed to estimate the significance of experimental variables. The predicated removal efficiency was found to be 94.29% which prove to be effectiveness of the process.
In the present studies the Ag-Cr-AC nanocomposites were synthesized by Azadirachta indica leaves extract. They were inoculated on the amorphous surface of activated carbon. The surface morphology and structural identification was determined by SEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. The simultaneous removal of binary dye system of Reactive Red and Crystal Violet were performed by ultrasonicated assisted adsorption process utilizing Ag-Cr-AC nanocomposites. Central Composite Design (CCD) having 5 factors of time, pH, amount of Ag-Cr-AC (adsorbent), concentrations of Reactive Red (RR) and Crystal Violet (CV) was employed. Response Surface Methodology was applied to study the Optimum Operating Parameters (OOP) for the adsorption process. The current studies showed that they can be efficiently employed to remove the coloured effluent from aqueous media as the simultaneous removal of dyes was observed to be 64.92% and 82.47% for RR and CV dyes respectively. Adsorption equilibrium was studied by Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin and Harkins-Jura Isotherm Models. The Langmuir isotherm was observed to be followed by the RR-Ag-Cr-AC system while CV-Ag-Cr-AC followed Harkins-Jura Isotherm model. For the binary system, the removal of CV and RR dyes by the nanocomposites obeyed Harkins-Jura model at temperature of 40°C. Thermodynamics studies affirmed the spontaneous nature of adsorption process. pH was evaluated to be 6.29. The purification cost per cubic meter of the effluent was evaluated to be US$ 85.08. The proposed method might prove to be an efficient and cost effective way to eradicate color from the binary mixture of RR and CV dyes.
The textile effluents have been considered as potential source of water contamination in the last few decades. Thus the effective methods were adopted for the removal of dyes and colorants from the textile effluents. In the present research, the removal of textile dye reactive red 223 (RR 223) was carried out by modified bentonite clay (MBC). The modification of bentonite clay was carried out by acid treatment method. The adsorption properties of MBC towards RR 223 were investigated using the batch method, at various temperatures 303-318 ±2 K under the optimized conditions. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted in Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models and the values of the respective constants were evaluated by employing standard graphical method. From the correlation coefficient values (r 2 ), it was founded that Langmuir model is the best fitted isotherm. Feasibility of adsorption process (R L ) and sorption energy (Es) was also determined. The pH PZC of adsorbent was estimated by pH drift method. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG⁰), enthalpy (ΔH⁰) and entropy (ΔS⁰) of the system were calculated. Kinetics of dye removal was investigated that it follows pseudo second order rate constant. The surface morphology of adsorbent was observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The interaction forces involved between the adsorbent and adsorbate was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition the recovery of dye and regeneration of adsorbent was carried out by desorption experiments. The sorption and desorption capacity of MBC was found to be 95.15% and 78%.
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