Optical and Magnetic Properties of Co2+ Ions in Dried and Heated Silica Gels Prepared by the Sol-Gel Process -are studied by measuring the UV to near-IR and ESR spectra and the magnetic susceptibilities. The results show the Co2+ ions to be primarily octahedrally coordinated in the dried gels, while the optical and magnetic data for the gels heated up to 900 • C can be explained by formation of tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+. High-temp. spectra of the gel during heating are indicative of a charge-transfer transition in the distorted tetrahedral complex (Co(OH)4) produced in the heated gel at 600 • C. The OH groups originate from silanol groups SiOH. -(KOJIMA, K.; TAGUCHI, H.; MATSUDA, J.; J. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 20, 7595-7598; Dep. Chem., Ritsumeikan Univ., Kita, Kyoto 603, Japan; EN)
To realize "smart agriculture," which is a countermeasure to the recent shortage of agricultural labor, this study aimed to develop an automatic harvesting system for wood ear mushrooms. The automatic harvesting of wood ear mushrooms, an agrarian crop with complex shapes and few characteristics, such as color, is difficult. However, our system realizes the automatic harvesting of wood ear mushrooms with a robotic arm by remotely selecting the harvesting target using a virtual reality application. A deep learning-based wood ear mushroom recognition model is used to detect wood ear mushrooms to be harvested. We developed a model with a high recognition accuracy-a detection accuracy of 90% and growth-level differentiation accuracy of 80%-by applying data augmentation methods and developed a system that can harvest wood ear mushrooms automatically.
A core-shell structure of Cu@SiO2, namely, silica-coated Cu nanoparticles, was synthesized by a simple liquid phase reaction. The reaction bath was optimized by evaluating the balance between the dissolution behavior of Cu nanoparticles and the deposition rate of SiO2shells for coating. The Cu nanoparticles were fabricated by an electroless deposition method. The deposition and dissolution behaviors of Cu were quantitatively evaluated by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, combined with the reducing ability evaluated by the mixed potential measurements. SiO2shells were synthesized by a sol-gel process of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The optimal responsiveness bath condition was also elucidated by the QCM measurement to evaluate the deposition rate of SiO2shells, which was much faster than the dissolution rate of Cu nanoparticles, indicating that the SiO2shells sufficiently coated the Cu nanoparticles. The stability of annealed Cu@SiO2nanoparticles was considerably increased and by using them, the red color glaze is achieved in easy and safe way.
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