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We introduce an inverse procedural modeling approach that learns L-system representations of pixel images with branching structures. Our fully automatic model generates a compact set of textual rewriting rules that describe the input. We use deep learning to discover atomic structures such as line segments or branchings. Orientation and scaling of these structures are determined and the detected structures are combined into a tree. The initial representation is analyzed, and repeating parts are encoded into a small grammar by using greedy optimization while the user can control the size of the detected rules. The output is an L-system that represents the input image as a simple text and a set of terminal symbols. We apply our approach to a variety of examples, demonstrate its robustness against noise and blur, and we show that it can detect user sketches and complex input structures.

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Doping is an effective way to optimize the properties of electrode material. Here hollow Cu-doped NiO microspheres were obtained via hydrothermal way, which exerts prominent initial capacity and better rate capability as anode materials.

Semiconductors with broadband photoelectric response have important practical needs in many aspects such as solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and photodetection. We synthesized the first photochromic semiconductive hydrogenbonded organic framework (HOF), [H 2 (bpyb)](H 2 PO 4 ) 2 •2H 2 O (1), using the polycyclic viologen cation [H 2 (bpyb)] (bpyb = 1,4bis(tetrapyridyl)benzene). After 1 s of xenon lamp irradiation, compound 1 showed a visible color change from the initial yellowish to dark purple after continuous irradiation. The photoinduced radical product has an absorption band covering 200−1700 nm, which is wider than the absorption ranges of silicon and perovskites. It produced photocurrent when irradiated with a xenon lamp or a laser (355, 532, or 808 nm). The on/off ratio of the current (I irr /I dark ) can be as high as 300 times under the irradiation of the 808 nm laser with a power of 1.9 W cm −2 . In addition, under the 808 nm light source, the on/off ratio of 1B is 35 times that of 1A.

The harmful nature of high concentrations of antibiotics to humans and animals requires the urgent development of novel materials and techniques for their absorption. In this work, CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide)-assisted synthesis of ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework)-derived hollow carbon (ZHC) was designed, prepared, and used as a high-performance adsorbent, and further evaluated by Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption experiments, dynamic analysis, as well as theoretical calculation. The maximum capacities of ZHC for adsorbing tetracycline (TC), norfloxacin (NFO), and levofloxacin (OFO) are 267.3, 125.6, and 227.8 mg g−1, respectively, which delivers superior adsorptive performance when compared to widely studied inorganic adsorbates. The design concept of ZIF-8-derived hollow carbon material provides guidance and insights for the efficient adsorbent of environmental antibiotics.