Stochastic uncertainty theory is used to develop a new Bingham model of magnetorheological dampers superior to the existing model. Some input variables are defined as stochastic variables by the stochastic factor method, and the stochastic Bingham model is developed by the algebraic synthesis method. Curves of the damping force obtained by the stochastic Bingham model and the Bingham model in the literature are compared with experimental results, revealing that the curves obtained by the stochastic Bingham model are much closer to the experimental curves. Therefore, we confirm that the stochastic Bingham model is superior to the model from the literature.
Radial clearance, particularly the axial clearance in the 3D joint of a mechanism owing to the assemblage, manufacturing tolerances, wear, and other conditions, has become a research focus in the field of multibody dynamics in recent years. In this study, a hydraulic cylinder model with 3D clearance joints was constructed by combining various potential contact scenarios. The novelty of this study is that potential contact points between the bearing wall and journal were calculated when the bearing wall circle was projected to an ellipse owing to misalignment of axes. Moreover, the simulation model considered the effective bulk modulus of the hydraulic oil and applied the Lagrange multiplier method. Subsequently, an experiment was conducted to verify the simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicated that the dynamic responses of the hydraulic cylinder with 3D clearance joints can be classified as free, rebound, slide, and contact. The effects of input force, frequency, and clearance size on the dynamic behavior of the hydraulic cylinder were also investigated. Increasing the input force and clearance size will degrade the hydraulic cylinder dynamic response; however, the input force frequency can reduce the deterioration of the dynamic response. This study aids in providing improved understanding of the hydraulic cylinder with 3D clearances in the theoretical field and for practical engineering applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.