Upper tear meniscus variables in ATD patients were assessed by real-time OCT. The tear meniscus was smaller in ATD patients than in healthy subjects. LTMR and LTMH may have potential in the diagnosis of ATD.

IL-25 is an important immune regulator that can promote Th2 immune response-dependent immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair in asthma, intestinal infection, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the effects of IL-25 in renal ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI). Treating IRI mice with IL-25 significantly improved renal function and reduced renal injury. Furthermore, IL-25 treatment increased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in serum and kidney and promoted induction of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in kidney. Notably, IL-25 treatment also increased the frequency of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and multipotent progenitor type 2 (MPP in IRI mice but also induced M2 macrophages in kidney. In conclusion, our data identify a mechanism whereby IL-25-elicited ILC2 and MPP type2 cells regulate macrophage phenotype in kidney and prevent renal IRI.

The MAC of intravenous anesthesia with 8% ILE was less than that of inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane vapor in dogs.

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