Background:Hypertension is emerging as an alarming public-health problem causes organ damage.Objectives:To identify prevalence of hypertension and predictor factors among rural population in four states in Sudan.Methods:A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in sixteen rural areas in Sudan during April 2012. A total of 3020 adult were interviewed using structured questionnaire and blood pressure was measured before and after the interview. Hypertension was taken as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole respectively.Analysis:Descriptive statistic was presented; Sex and mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were tested using ANOVA for individuals on antihypertensive medication. Predictor factors to hypertension were tested by logistic regression.Results:Prevalence of hypertension among rural population was 15.8%. Overall means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 128.6±17.7 and 81.5±11.6 respectively while the means among hypertensive individuals was154.74 ±14.4 and 97.98±8.4 respectively Known hypertensive individuals were 20.1%; out of whom 71.7% were hypertensive and 22.4% have Target Organ Damage. Those on anti-hypertensive medications were 76.4% and normotensive were 55.1%. Individuals having both diabetes and hypertension were 3.3% and 80.2% were hypertensive. Log regression model showed age, smoking, diabetes and family hypertension were predictors of hypertension by 3.6%, 34.9%, 49.7% and 56.8% respectively (P-value <0.05).Conclusion:Prevalence of hypertension among rural Sudan was 15.8%. Family history was the strongest predictor of hypertension.
Objective: Obesity and diabetes mellitus are interconnected conditions that share a number of pathophysiological mechanisms such as dyslipidemia leading to cardiovascular complications. The present study was conducted to determine the individual and combined effect of diabetes mellitus and obesity on dyslipidemia and ultimately on silent coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods:The patients selected from urban and rural areas of Lahore were recruited on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) and were classified in four groups: (Group A; obese-diabetic, Group B; non-obese and diabetic, Group C; obese and non-diabetic and Group D; non-obese and non-diabetic).Total lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins were determined along with exercise tolerance test (ETT). Results:The results indicated that combined obesity and diabetes was the major cause of Dyslipaedemia and CAD followed by obesity and diabetes alone. Triglycerides and atherogenic level of HDL-C were more prevalent in obese-diabetic patients (group A) followed by obese (group C) and diabetic (group B) alone.However low density lipoprotein (LDL) was more significant in obese (group C) but the results were also comparable in all other groups. Conclusion:The result of ETT revealed that overall group A was more prone towards CAD as compared to group B and group C but there was a non-significant correlation between CAD and obesity/diabetes within all experimental groups. Moreover, the risk of dyslipidemia and CAD was non significantly higher in urban population than rural population.
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