To mention the role of ticks in transmission of Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, sixty seven engorged adult females of the type which called hard ticks (Rhipicephalus spp.) were collected from cattle and sheep randomly from diverse regions of Baghdad city through the period November 2015 till March 2016. Blood swabs from ticks were subjected to the culture media to determine the percentages of Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that out of 67 samples, 13 (14.40%) samples were positive for Klebsiella spp., 16 (23.88%) samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 8 samples were positive for both bacteria. This study revealed that hard ticks (Rhipicephalus spp.) is a good source for bacterial infection by Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus .
This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological changes of cestodes chronic intestinal infections in ten local domesticated ducks (Anas platyrhynchas) during the period 1/9/2016- 1/10/2017 in Baghdad city. Results showed severe destruction in the intestinal mucosa ,sloughing and desquamation of the epithelia and severe destruction with distortion or complete loss of the intestinal villi, complete loss of the mucosal and submucosa layers with destruction of intestinal glands and there is a severe infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, and a focal necrosis in the intestinal mucosa.The submucosa showed an infiltration of macrophages and few lymphocytes, severe necrosis , calcification in some mucosal glands or with a cystic dilation with cellular debris in their lumen surrounded by inflammatory cells infiltration mainly mononuclear and plasma cells.The conclusion of the present study was that the cestodes chronic infection cause severe inflammatory response mainly lymphocytes and monocytes in mucosa and sub mucosa and destruction of some intestinal glands of the intestine.
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of avian malaria (Plasmodium gallinaceum) in the local domesticated breed chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) that were purchased from the local markets in Baghdad city, using 100 blood samples which were collected from the wing vein, and kept in EDTA-K2 tubes for conventional PCR analysis during the period extended from 1 /10 / 2018 till 31/ 3 / 2019. Total infection rate was 18% (18/100), which were divided into males 20.00% and in females 16.00%. The eight isolates were recorded in the GenBank under accession numbers ID: MN082405.1, MN082406.1, MN082407.1, MN082408.1, MN082409.1, MN082410.1, MN082411.1, and MN082412.1 with identity 99.20 - 99.87% and with other isolates (United Kingdom and USA) 99.34 - 99.88 %. In conclusion, Plasmodium gallinaceum may have a moderate spread in local domesticated breed chicken at Baghdad.
This study aimed to detect the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in 100 local breed domesticated chickens (Gullas gullas domesticus) by Real Time-PCR based on B1 gene and determined the effects of some factors (sex, age and areas) in this rate during the period 1/ 10 / 2019 till 31/3/ 2020. The total infection rate was 11% and a higher infection rate (17.24%) was found in females than males (2.38 %) with significant (P≤ 0.01) difference. A higher infection rate (16.32%) was recorded in young (<6 months) females while no infection rate (0.00%) was found in young males (<6 months). The adult females (>6 months) were showed a higher infection rate (22.22%) than adult males 4.76% (>6 months) with significant (P≤0.01) difference. A higher infection rate (23.33%) was recorded in AL-Baia area followed by Al-Malhani (6.66%), while no infection rate (0.00%) was found in Baghdad AL-Jadida with significant (P≤ 0.01) difference.
Trypanosomiasis is one of the common parasitic diseases, which infects the dromedary camels and decreases the numbers of these animals in Iraq. To get the best knowledge of the changes of iron status in camels infected with trypanosomiasis, in an attempt to take advantage of these variables as markers for infection, we designed this study. The current study conducted in blood sample collection from155 dromedary camels, 33 were infected (21.29%), according to the status of infection with Trypanosoma evansi that depends on blood smear examination as a golden test. Results denote significant differences of infection ratio by sex and age, from total of 132 male tested, 29 (21.96%) infected, distributed into 12 (%41.37) of age ≤ 2 years and 17 (58.62) of ≥ 2 years. From 23 female tested, 4 (17.39%) were infected at age ≤ 2 years. Furthermore, the results of this study demonstrated significant (p˂0.05) decrease in total serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, whereas increased in total iron binding capacity and unsaturated iron binding capacity in the infected male and female camels with different age. Analyzed data of iron status parameters denoted that the cutoff point test between sensitivity (97) and specificity (100) for serum iron is (≤67.26), for transferrin saturation is (≤17.23) between the sensitivity and specificity (100) and (≥378.66), for total iron binding capacity between the sensitivity and specificity (93.9 and 96.7) respectively. Also, the cutoff point test between the sensitivity (100) and specificity (96.7) for unsaturated iron binding capacity is (≥301.27) and ferritin concentration has a cutoff point is (≤ 249.88) for the sensitivity (100) and specificity (99.2). It could be concluded from what was stated in the results of the current study, that the measurement of the concentration of serum ferritin could be considered as a good marker for the T. evansi infection
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