Morphology in forest soils has developed over a long time due to the non-intensive management of forest soils. Damage to forest soil occurs when there is logging activity, fire, or land use change. Some forest was used as productive land for example agroforestry and forest production. As with landuse in agriculture, intensive management of forests can also reduce soil productivity. Inaccuracy forest land use would cause environmental or economic damage, so basic soil management data in forest areas is needed. However, the soil morphology of the Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) in Malaysiahas never been observed. The objective of this study is to assess the soil characteristic and soil morphological properties of theAHFR. Studying the characteristics of soil morphology in toposequent conditions is necessary to find out the differences in soil from different heights and the effects of erosion, transportation, and deposition on the soil. This study was conducted in the AHFR, Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Peninsular Malaysia. Mapping of the area under investigation was carried out by conventional soil survey techniques with a physiographic approach using maps with a scale of 1:30,000. The results showed that AHFRhas some different soil morphological characteristics and classification in subgroupamong five different slope positions with similar soil order, which is a Ultisol soil. The soil in the AHFRis formed from highly weathered soil due to high rainfall in this location.The results of this study are important for soil development, identification management, and land use priority such as erosion control on steep-slope forest areas, regeneration and reforestation, and it can also be used for forest education, practice, research, and training activities.Keywords: Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, forest soil, soil morphology, toposequent, Ultisol soil
Community service activities in the form of introducing technology in the manufacture of compost made from mango leaves are an effort to take advantage of the potential that exists in the surrounding environment in the form of remnants of organic waste that will be used as fertilizer. This community service activity was carried out in Oro-Oro Ombo Village, Rembang District, Pasuruan Regency. The method used in this activity is provision of learning materials in the form of socialization and demonstration. Providing training materials on the manufacture of organic fertilizer made from mango leaves. Demonstration activities were carried out by practicing organic fertilizers and introducing the tools and materials used which were directly guided by the lecturers of the Faculty of Agriculture, UPN "Veteran" East Java. The provision of materials and demonstrations in the manufacture of fertilizers provides benefits to the knowledge of farmers in utilizing plant remains and mango leaf waste. The awareness of the farming community in making fertilizers independently can reduce expenditures in purchasing chemical fertilizers and can increase additional income from the sale of organic fertilizers
The volume of waste or residual materials arising from human fulfillment increases annually in line with the growth of the human population. The potential of household units to manage organic waste has the potential to minimize food waste and other forms of organic waste. Utilizing organic waste as a raw material for composting is an option for handling organic waste from households. This community service project aims to demonstrate to the community how to make liquid organic fertilizer and raise public awareness of the advantages of managing household waste. Training combined with direct demonstrations via interactive learning covering household waste sorting and composting techniques was performed. This event was attended by 25 community household representatives from Panjunan Village, Sukodono, Sidoarjo. The demonstration method that was used was thought to be effective because the community was interested and came up with new ways to use empty land as a follow-up after creating liquid organic fertilizer on its own
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