A red molecular probe for carbon monoxide (CO)-specific detection based on palladium-free mediated opening of spirolactam has been applied to establish a safe and powerful method to detect and image CO changes in biological systems.
Food allergies (FAs) affect about 2%-8% of the world's population. FA clinical symptoms vary from slight abdominal discomfort to life-threatening anaphylactic shock. 1 The basic FA pathological changes are Th2 polarization-related inflammation, including the over production of antigen (Ag)-specific IgE, Th2 cytokines (eg interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5 and IL-13), profound infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in tissues. 2 Th2 cytokines, especially IL-4, induce plasma cells to produce IgE. IgE binds to the high-affinity IgE receptors on the surface Abstract Background: The on-purpose-modulated dendritic cells (DCs) have shown charming effects on restoring immune regulatory functions in subjects with immune diseases. Objective: This study aims to construct DCs carrying chimerical antigen (Ag) peptides (CAP-DCs) to induce interleukin (IL)-17+ inducible Tregs (iTregs) to alleviate food allergy (FA) in a murine model. Methods: In this study, we constructed CAP-DCs. The CAP is a fusion protein, consisting of a segment of recombinant scFv of anti-DEC205 antibody and an ovalbumin (OVA) epitope (IC). A murine OVA-FA model was developed to test the effects of CAP-DCs on suppressing the allergic response in the intestine. Results: The CAP-DCs are characterized as that a complex of scFv-IC is presented on the surface of the cells, moderately express CD80 and CD86 as well as IL-6, IL-23, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and CCR9. After being passively transferred with CAP-DCs or injection of scFv-IC, Ag-specific IL-17+ Foxp3+ iTregs were induced in the intestinal lamina propria of FA mice. The iTregs showed immune suppressive effects on Ag-specific Th2 response. FA mice were adoptively transferred with the CAP-DCs or scFv-IC injection, which resulted in a significant decrease in the number of Ag-specific Th2 cells and suppression of FA response in an Ag-specific manner. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: CAP-DCs can ameliorate FA response by inducing Ag-specific IL-17+ Foxp3+ iTregs and suppressing Ag-specific Th2 response. To generate CAP-DCs has the translational potential in the treatment of FA. K E Y W O R D S dendritic cell, epitope, food allergy, immune regulation, immunotherapy
A reactivity-based fluorescent probe was utilized to selectively detecting Cu 2+ in aqueous solution and living cell.A reactivity-based fluorescent probe 1 for Cu 2+ was synthesized. The structure of this probe was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray crystallography, and 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Its photophysical as well as binding properties towards various metal ions were studied. Probe 1 showed highly sensitive and selective "Off-On" fluorescence changes with Cu 2+ among various metal ions when excited at 350 nm. These selective changes were attributed to an oxidative cyclization reaction transforming nonemissive azoanilines into highly fluorescent benzotriazoles. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of Cu 2+ ions in living cells demonstrated its value of practical applications in biological systems.
Background: We aimed to evaluate the whether AFP levels alone is an adequate screening indicator, or a combination of Generally, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CA19-9 and CEA could provide a better diagnostic tool in detecting and screening asymptomatic patients with primary hepatic cancer (PHC), and also evaluate the correlation of degree of differentiation with serum biomarker levels.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1362 patients form 2014-2018 who visited the first Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China for health check-ups or were diagnosed with cancer or cirrhosis. We then analyzed preoperative tumor markers level of AFP, CA19-9, and CEA. The standard reference values (AFP ≤20 ng/L CEA ≤ 5 ng/L, and CA19-9 ≤ 37 U/mL) were as positive or negative cut off values. Further, the histological sections of patients were categorized and correlated them with the three serum biomarkers.
Results: Serum AFP, CEA, and CA19-9 levels in the PHC group were significantly higher compared to those with liver cirrhosis and healthy control groups (P < 0.03). With AFP as a single tumor marker for PHC diagnosis, it had a sensitivity of 63.3% with a specificity of 80.8%. AFP combined with CA19-9 and CEA showed specificity of 100%, a sensitivity 2.5% with the positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 22% respectively. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed the highest AFP level of 9366.14±23902.61 ng/L associated with poorly differentiated HCC, while well-differentiated HCC, had the lowest mean AFP level of 45.19±181.27 ng/L.
Conclusion: Combined serum levels of AFP, CA19-9 and CEA does not provide a superior advantage over AFP alone as a screening and diagnostic tool for HCC detection.
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