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Based on the characteristics of financial exclusion and income gap, this paper attempted to elucidate the fluctuation of China’s consumption rate through the mechanism of financial availability of low-income residents and its influence on household consumption in the reform era. The study showed that improving financial availability affects the consumption rate by increasing investment opportunities for low-income earners who can adjust the portfolio of composition. Meanwhile, this effect is affected by the income gap which plays a “threshold” role in the relationship between financial availability and consumption rate. Therefore, inclusive finance development must be adapted to economic development in order to prevent “too much finance”.

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Culture is one of the crucial elements of technological innovation. The existing studies hold that Confucian culture is conducive to the technological innovation of Chinese Listed Companies. However, Chinese family enterprises with relatively profound Confucianism encounter the bottleneck of weak innovation. This makes people wonder whether Confucian culture is conducive to the technological innovation of family enterprises. To solve this mystery, we investigated the effects of Chinese Confucianism on technological innovation in Chinese family enterprises. We found that family entrepreneur’s entrepreneurship had worse innovation performance under the influence of Confucian culture. The results are robust to different measures of innovation and are still valid when controlling for the potential endogeneity between Confucian culture and technological innovation. This study provides a more fine-grained perspectives about Chinese innovation culture.