Follicular lymphoma (FL) and the GCB subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) derive from germinal center B-cells 1. Targeted re-sequencing studies have revealed mutations in various genes in the NFkB pathway 2 , 3 that contribute to the activated B-cell Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:

Room temperature X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), high resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (HR-RBS), Kelvin probe method, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are employed to study the properties of a freshly exfoliated surface of geological MoS2 crystals. Our findings reveal that the semiconductor 2H-MoS2 exhibits both n- and p-type behavior, and the work function as measured by the Kelvin probe is found to vary from 4.4 to 5.3 eV. The presence of impurities in parts-per-million (ppm) and a surface defect density of up to 8% of the total area could explain the variation of the Fermi level position. High resolution RBS data also show a large variation in the MoSx composition (1.8 < x < 2.05) at the surface. Thus, the variation in the conductivity, the work function, and stoichiometry across small areas of MoS2 will have to be controlled during crystal growth in order to provide high quality uniform materials for future device fabrication.

Vertical integration of two-dimensional van der Waals materials is predicted to lead to novel electronic and optical properties not found in the constituent layers. Here, we present the direct synthesis of two unique, atomically thin, multi-junction heterostructures by combining graphene with the monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides: molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2). The realization of MoS2–WSe2–graphene and WSe2–MoS2–graphene heterostructures leads to resonant tunnelling in an atomically thin stack with spectrally narrow, room temperature negative differential resistance characteristics.

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We review recent theoretical studies of the photodissociation of ozone in the wavelength region from 200 nm to 1100 nm comprising four major absorption bands: Hartley and Huggins (near ultraviolet), Chappuis (visible), and Wulf (near infrared). The quantum mechanical dynamics calculations use global potential energy surfaces obtained from new high-level electronic structure calculations. Altogether nine electronic states are taken into account in the theoretical descriptions: four 1A', two 1A'', one 3A' and two 3A'' states. Of particular interest is the analysis of diffuse vibrational structures, which are prominent in all absorption bands, and their dynamical origin and assignment. Another focus is the effect of non-adiabatic coupling on lifetimes in the excited states and on the population of the specific electronic product channels.

In this work, we demonstrate the growth of HfSe2 thin films using molecular beam epitaxy. The relaxed growth criteria have allowed us to demonstrate layered, crystalline growth without misfit dislocations on other 2D substrates such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and MoS2. The HfSe2 thin films exhibit an atomically sharp interface with the substrates used, followed by flat, 2D layers with octahedral (1T) coordination. The resulting HfSe2 is slightly n-type with an indirect band gap of ∼ 1.1 eV and a measured energy band alignment significantly different from recent DFT calculations. These results demonstrate the feasibility and significant potential of fabricating 2D material based heterostructures with tunable band alignments for a variety of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications.

Exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is shown to chemically oxidize in a layered manner upon exposure to a remote O2 plasma. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are employed to characterize the surface chemistry, structure, and topography of the oxidation process and indicate that the oxidation mainly occurs on the topmost layer without altering the chemical composition of underlying layer. The formation of S-O bonds upon short, remote plasma exposure pins the surface Fermi level to the conduction band edge, while the MoOx formation at high temperature modulates the Fermi level toward the valence band through band alignment. A uniform coverage of monolayer amorphous MoO3 is obtained after 5 min or longer remote O2 plasma exposure at 200 °C, and the MoO3 can be completely removed by annealing at 500 °C, leaving a clean ordered MoS2 lattice structure as verified by XPS, LEED, AFM, and scanning tunneling microscopy. This work shows that a remote O2 plasma can be useful for both surface functionalization and a controlled thinning method for MoS2 device fabrication processes.

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment that induces complete coagulative necrosis of a tumour at depth through the intact skin. This study was to explore the possibility of using HIFU for the treatment of patients with localised breast cancer in a controlled clinical trial. A total of 48 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer (T 1 -2 , N 0 -2 , M 0 ) were randomised to the control group in which modified radical mastectomy was performed, and the HIFU group in which an extracorporeal HIFU ablation of breast cancer was followed by modified radical mastectomy. Short-term follow-up, pathologic and immunohistochemical stains were performed to assess the therapeutic effects on tumour and complications of HIFU. The results showed that no severe side effect was observed in the HIFU-treated patients. Pathologic findings revealed that HIFU-treated tumour cells underwent complete coagulative necrosis, and tumour vascular vessels were severely damaged. Immunohistochemical staining showed that no expression of PCNA, MMP-9, and CD44v6 was detected within the treated tumour cells in the HIFU group, indicating that the treated tumour cells lost the abilities of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. It is concluded that, as a noninvasive therapy, HIFU could be effective, safe, and feasible in the extracorporeal treatment of localised breast cancer.