In this study, we systematically explored the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) retrospectively by analyzing data of 52 patients diagnosed with EAML at four centers. Our results showed that the onset of EAML was usually inconspicuous, and so no obvious symptoms or signs had occurred in most patients at diagnosis. Its diagnoses always depended on postoperative pathological examination. The immunohistochemical (IHC) results [HMB45 ( + ), cytokeratin (-), and S100 (-)] could be used to differentiate EAML from other malignancies such as renal cell cancer (RCC) and sarcomas. For treatment, surgery resulted in satisfactory short-term prognosis. The long-term prognosis of patients with EAML was poor, particularly when a large size, a high percentage of epithelioid component, tumor thrombus formation, and necrosis were present. In conclusion, EAML is a tumor with malignant potential. Once diagnosed, integrated approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, should be considered; a close follow-up regimen is necessary for cases that met: 1) tumor size >9 cm, 2) tumor thrombus formation in the vein, 3) epithelioid cells >70% or atypia cells >60%, and 4) necrosis.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-dermatologic cancer in the western countries in western countries. High-risk PCa accounts for 15% of the diagnosed cases. In this study, we compare the long-term survival outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP), radiation therapy (RT), brachytherapy (BT), androgen- deprivation therapy (ADT), and watchful waiting (WW) in high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Overall, RP/(RT plus ADT) gave the best survival outcome in patients with high-risk PCa, whereas ADT/WW had the worst outcome. The overall priority for treatment strategy could be ranked as follows: RP/(RT plus ADT), RT, and ADT/WW. RP had significant better overall survival (OS) than RT or BT, and RP had significant lower cancer-specific mortality (CSM) than RT (0.51 [95% CI 0.30–0.73], P<0.001). ADT improved the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of RP based on a case-controlled study; added ADT to RT failed to challenge the position of RP but could improve the outcome of RT. In conclusions,RP/(RT plus adjuvant ADT) could both be used for the first-line therapy of high-risk PCa. When encountering an individual patient, urologists should consider various factors like tumors themselves, preferences of individuals, and so on.

In this study, we evaluated if male circumcision was associated with lower HIV acquisition for HIV (−) males and HIV (−) females during normal sexual behavior. We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases to identify studies that compared HIV acquisition for the circumcised and uncircumcised groups. The reference lists of the included and excluded studies were also screened. Fifteen studies (4 RCTs and 11 prospective cohort studies) were included, and the related data were extracted and analyzed in a meta-analysis. Our study revealed strong evidence that male circumcision was associated with reduced HIV acquisition for HIV(−) males during sexual intercourse with females [pooled adjusted risk ratio (RR): 0.30, 95% CI 0.24 0.38, P < 0.00001] and provided a 70% protective effect. In contrast, no difference was detected in HIV acquisition for HIV (−) females between the circumcised and uncircumcised groups (pooled adjusted RR after sensitivity analysis: 0.68, 95%CI 0.40–1.15, P = 0.15). In conclusion, male circumcision could significantly protect males but not females from HIV acquisition at the population level. Male circumcision may serve as an additional approach toward HIV control, in conjunction with other strategies such as HIV counseling and testing, condom promotion, and so on.

Tamsulosin is a safe and effective therapy for renal and ureteral stones after SWL. Further, high-quality randomized trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy.

A 44-year-old woman who underwent radical nephrectomy due to a left renal mass presented to our clinic. Results of the histopathological examination showed a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney, a rare benign lesion of the kidney. The epidemiology, histopathological features, imaging features, possible pathogeneses, and treatment alternatives are discussed, and the relevant literature is reviewed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was free of local recurrence or metastasis until the last follow-up (12 months).