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Abstract-Virtualization is omnipresent as the backbone of cloud, edge, and fog computing as well as X-as-a-service infrastructure. It continues to gain increased popularity even in edge or end-user and embedded devices. The need for standards and specifications for secure and trustworthy collaboration becomes a pressing issue. Trusted Computing is considered one of the pillars towards trustworthy systems both in terms of practical security mechanisms and supporting standards. This paper revisits the Trusted Computing tool-set and introduces its current application in virtualization scenarios. We discuss challenges related to translating the term trust between specifications for hardware modules such as the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) and applied specifications for operating systems, hypervisors, and virtual machines are -defining trust establishment becomes crucial for specifications extending trust beyond the TPM. We define Usercentered attestation as a set of principles suitable for layered, decentralized systems along with a methodology for specifying and synthesizing such a trust establishment strategy.

A microgrid is an independent power system that can be connected to the grid or operated in an islanded mode. This single grid entity is widely used for furthering access to energy and ensuring reliable energy supply. However, if islanded, microgrids do not benefit from the high inertia of the main grid and can be subject to high variations in terms of voltage and frequency, which challenge their stability. In addition, operability and interoperability requirements, standards as well as directives have addressed main concerns regarding a microgrid’s reliability, use of distributed local resources and cybersecurity. Nevertheless, microgrid systems are quickly evolving through digitalization and have a large range of applications. Thus, a consensus over their testing must be further developed with the current technological development. Here, we describe existing technical requirements and assessment criteria for a microgrid’s main functionalities to foster harmonization of functionality-level testing and an international conception of system-level one. This framework is proposed as a reference document for assessment frame development serving both microgrid research and implementation for a comprehensive understanding of technical microgrid performance and its current assessment challenges, such as lack of standardization and evolving technology.

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