Legal support for the constitutional right of citizens to health care and medical care is an important condition for the realization of the principle of recognition the individual on the highest social value. The state guarantees everyone the right to protection of health, medical care and medical insurance; creates the conditions for effective and affordable medical care for all citizens. At the same time, the low level of provision of modern medical equipment, machinery and medicines makes it virtually impossible to provide timely and high-quality medical services in rural areas. The quality of primary health care in rural areas is in terrible condition and the people who live there, and this is more than 30 % of the total population of Ukraine, were very looking forward to changes in this area. After all, most of the old buildings and medical equipment are in poor condition. Medical institutions do not have a complete set of equipment, medical supplies and equipment necessary for primary care. The state of the legal regulation of providing medical care to the rural population of Ukraine objectively needs to be improved. Despite the adoption of numerous normative legal acts, the issues of providing health facilities located in rural areas with the necessary modern equipment and technology remained unresolved until recently. The goal of the article is to investigate the current problems of the legal support for providing medical care in the rural settlements. Particular attention is paid to the reform of the network of the rural health facilities and the problems of staffing. According to the results of the study it is established that from January 1, 2018, the implementation of the rural health reform began in Ukraine. This was due to the need to improve the availability of medical services for the population living in rural areas, to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of funds allocated for the development of health care in the village, to bring the network of healthcare institutions in rural areas and their material and technical support into line with the needs of the population. Rural medicine reform is the lengthy process that requires not only careful adherence to legislation, but also a preliminary assessment of the real state of medicine in the remotest corners of Ukraine in order to prepare a platform for change. It is determined that the implementation of medical reform in cities is perceived better, and therefore much faster is happening, what not to say about the countryside. The prompt and timely solution of the problems of reforming rural medicine is possible with the assistance of the state authorities and local self-government, domestic businesses, foreign investors and financial donors, without which it is extremely difficult to cope with decentralization.
The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical analysis of the current state of legal provision of drinking water quality in rural areas. It was stated that in recent years there has been a steady trend of deteriorating quality of water used for drinking in rural areas, including due to increasing levels of nitrate pollution. Proposals have been made for: further implementation of Council Directive 98/83 / EU on the quality of water intended for human consumption and Council Directive 91/676/ EEC on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources in national legislation; elimination of substantive inconsistencies between State sanitary norms and rules 2.2.4-171-10 “Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption” and National Standards of Ukraine 7525: 2014 “Drinking water. Requirements and methods of quality control “in terms of drinking water quality indicators; inclusion in the subjects of state water monitoring of the central executive body that implements the state policy in the field of health care (regarding the monitoring of drinking water); development of the Procedure for state monitoring of nitrate content in surface and groundwater as a component of state water monitoring; forecasting at the level of the National Target Program “Drinking Water of Ukraine” for 2021-2025 “development and operation of a single state information resource - Interactive map of drinking water quality in Ukraine.
The experience of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of waters protection from nitrate pollution in the EU is researched in this article. A scientific and theoretical analysis of the national legislation development, taking into account the requirements of Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources is provided. It is stated that our country does not follow the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, ratified by the Law of Ukraine of September 16, 2014 regarding of implementation of the above Directive (initial deadline – 2017). Extending the deadline to December 31, 2020, does not guarantee that the legislation will be conformed its requirements. So the Code of Good Agricultural Practices, the Methodology for Identifying Vulnerable Areas, and the Action Plan for Reducing Nitrate Pollution from Agricultural Sources have not been accepted until now. Accordingly, work is not being done regarding to: identify nitrate-vulnerable areas; creation of their register, also monitoring of nitrate content in surface and ground water. In addition, the experience of leading European countries shows that it is impossible to implement the provisions of this Directive with out organizing the financing of its activities and the creation of an effective system for monitoring their implementation. Keywords: water quality, water object, drinking water, nitrate pollution, vulnerable zone, monitoring of nitrate, content, implementation of legislation, rural area
The study is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of the main trends in the development of tourism legislation in Ukraine. The relevance of the chosen subject lies in the presence of grounds to consider the tourism industry promising, given the possible positive social and economic effect for Ukraine, if the state considers the factors necessary for such an increase. The purpose of this study is to analyse the main trends in the development of tourism legislation of Ukraine and international legislation as part of national legislation. The analysis, synthesis, historical-legal, and comparative-legal methods are applied to achieve this goal. This methodology enabled the analysis and comparison of the international and national regulatory framework through the prism of historical and legal experience and allowed the drawing of conclusions about the current main trends in legislative development in the field under study. The results of the study are: today, tourism in Ukraine remains a non-priority industry (this statement is based on the general trend towards stagnation of the tourism sector in Ukraine), is unattractive for foreign tourists (this is due to objective reasons, including not only external threats that exist today, but also scanty indicators recorded before the outbreak of the pandemic and armed aggression by the Russian Federation) and works mainly for domestic consumers, which is confirmed by the data of the state statistics service of Ukraine. The situation has developed, in particular, due to a number of factors that are presented in this study (considering the experience of foreign countries), and insufficient regulation of tourist relations at the legislative level, which is analysed in detail in the paper. The study can be useful for further disclosure of issues in the area and as a basis for discussion in scientific circles against the background of the decline of the industry.
The article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the legal basis of agrochemical certification of land in Ukraine. It is indicated that ensuring the protection of agricultural land is impossible without the creation of an effective mechanism for maintaining the quality of soils, which requires their agrochemical certification. It is noted that despite the systematic adoption of «program» documents, this process remains unfinished so far. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of land legislation in the field of use of agrochemical certification data in the transfer of land ownership or provision for use, including on lease. The author emphasizes that despite the direct indication of the need to use the data of agrochemical certification in the transfer of ownership of land contained in the Law of Ukraine «On Land Protection», their absence is not grounds for revocation of decisions or recognition of agreements aimed at transferring rights ownership of land, invalid. The author concludes that in the conditions of opening of the market of agricultural lands, obligatory use of the data of agrochemical passports at change of the owner of the land plot or the conclusion of lease agreements is especially important. Compliance with this requirement will help not only to preserve the quality characteristics of land, but also to ensure the protection of the rights of their owners. To this end, it is necessary to make a number of changes to the land legislation of Ukraine, in particular the Land Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine «On Land Management» and «On Land Lease». Keywords: agrochemical passport, land degradation, land lease agreement, soils, agricultural lands, land monitoring, land protection, fertility
The scientific and theoretical analysis of the legal basis of rural hospitality in Ukraine in terms of inclusive rural development is provided in this article. Particular attention is paid to justifying the necessity of developing and adopting a special law that would define the general legal, organizational and socio-economic principles of regulating the activities of citizens in this sphere. It is noted that the draft of Law of Ukraine «On Stimulating the Development of Rural Hospitality in Ukraine» is characterized by a number of positive features. There are: rural hospitality is defined as a diversified activity that can be carried out by each house hold located in the rural areas; the provision of rural hospitality services is not a business activity (Article 3 of theDraft). Thus, today a process of formation of the legislation in the sphere of rural hospitality takes place. Such legislation is aimed at creating the foundations for the broad involvement of the rural population in the provision of tourist services, improving its economic situation. This contributes to improving the level and quality of life in the rural areas, and ensuring inclusive rural development. Keywords: inclusive rural development, rural green tourism, rural hospitality, rural area, rural population, private peasant farm
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