Aim: To analyze the co-relation between frequencies of tooth brushing as a periodontal risk assessment tool in a population. Study design: Cross Sectional Survey Place and duration of study: Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Four hundred and eleven participants were enrolled. Data was collected by administering the study questionnaire including 14 items assessing risk factors for periodontal disease as well as their oral hygiene habits. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization and presentation. Results: Approximately 34.3% of study participants claimed to brush twice daily and 61.6% once daily. Mean age was 22.1 years and majority of them females constituting 66.7%. 39.33% had a history of bleeding gums while 28.2% had swollen gums. 51% of the subjects reported brushing for less than 2 minutes duration. 67% participants of population were of upper middle socioeconomic status. Conclusion: The clear correlation establish amongst risk of emerging periodontal disease and occurrence of tooth brushing. Keywords: Periodontal disease, Oral hygiene, Risk factors, Tooth brushing
Aim: To investigate the impact of dental crowding on oral hygiene in adult populations using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) as a reference indicator. Methods: The study is designed as an analytical cross-sectional study with a comparison group and was done in multiple dental settings in Lahore, including orthodontic department of a dental college. The sample includes 456 adult patients with or without dental crowding. The oral hygiene of the participants was assessed using the OHI-S, which measures plaque and calculus on six tooth surfaces. The study statistically determined if there is a difference in oral cleanliness between patients with crowding and the control group, and if there is a difference in oral cleanliness between genders among patients with crowding. Results: 55% of the patients were females and 45% of the patients were males. The patients without crowding, there was 11% higher risk observed of getting Moderate OHI-S score as compared to Good OHI-S. Similarly, 13% higher risk was observed to have Poor OHI-S among patients without dental crowding. This risk was markedly increased among patients with dental crowding. Patients with dental crowding were at 57% (P-value <0.05) higher risk of getting Moderate OHI-S score and 89% (P-value <0.05) higher risk of getting Poor OHI-S. Conclusion: Dental crowding is significantly connected to the accumulation of calculus and debris in the crowded areas of dental arches in young people. Crowding has been shown to make it more difficult to maintain appropriate oral hygiene routines. This raises the probability of young adults developing periodontal disease. Keywords: Dental Crowding, Malocclusion, Oral Hygiene.
The facial looks have an impact on self-esteem and emotional well-being, playing an important role in social interactions. Changing in these functions will therefore affect the standard of living of children. Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of malocclusion on psychological well-being on school going children using the OASIS aged between 13-17 years attending government high schools in Mardan District. Methods: This was a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey conducted at the government schools of Mardan. It was carried out within a period of six month from December, 2021 till May 2022 after consent from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan vide No. 39/2021/ERB. The sample was chosen using a random cluster sampling technique with probability related to size. The design effect was taken into account as the cluster sampling approach was applied, and a sample size of 850 was achieved. (600 boys and 250 girl participants were involved respectively from government high schools). Results: A total of 850 subjects were included in the study of which there were 600 (70%) males and 250 (30%) were females. The age range was 13-17 years with a mean age 15 years +1.37 (S.D) years. Conclusions: Angle’s malocclusion was established in 73.1% of the subjects. The least affected psychologically was normal occlusion with (100%) good psychological well-being followed by Angle’s class I malocclusion having good psychological well-being (76.8%).
Aim: To investigate the association between anatomical considerations of TMJ with regard to condylar positioning in Glenoid Fossa and prevalence of malocclusion in patients with TMDs Methods: A thorough investigation was done by collecting data on CT scans of 37 patients with TMDs and their Condylar positioning was recorded. Data on malocclusion was obtained by cephalometric radiographs and the relationship was observed. Results: Our study showed a significant (p<0.05) presence of bilateralism in anterior positioning as well as in posterior positioning. Class II showed significant bilateralism of posterior positioning (n=12, p<0.05) whereas Class III showed significant bilateralism of anterior positioning (n=7, p<0.05) of condyles. Conclusion: Our study on anatomical consideration of TMJ and positions of condyles concluded a significant relevance with orthodontic malocclusion. Posterior positioning of condyles may contribute to Class II whereas anterior positioning of condyles may lead to Class III malocclusion. MeSH Words: Condylar Positions, Malocclusion, TMJ Anatomy.
Objective: The objective of this study was three fold; to investigate the preference of dentists regarding the technique for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching, to find out the materials used for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching and to evaluate the influence of post-graduate training, working place and clinical experience on techniques and material used. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire with dentists working in three teaching institutes of Multan, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry (NID), Bakhtawar Amin Medical & Dental College (BAMDC) and Multan Medical & Dental College (MMDC). A total of 170 questionnaires were distributed and 154 recovered, at a response rate of 90.5%. Information about post-graduate training, working place and clinical experience was obtained. The information regarding technique and material used for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching was also collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and frequencies and percentages were calculated along with association between the treatment options and other variables. Results: Majority of the dentists 81.8% and 75.3% preferred in-office technique for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching respectively. For vital tooth bleaching, 31.8% selected HP 6% and 28.4% opted CP10-22%. For non-vital tooth bleaching, 34.8% selected SP mixed with water/HP and 26.6% opted HP37%. Conclusion: Clinical experience and working place significantly influenced the bleaching technique for vital teeth not for the non-vital. No significant influence of post-graduation, clinical experience and working place was found on material used for vital or non-vital bleaching. Key Words: Vital tooth bleaching, Non-vital tooth bleaching, Hydrogen peroxide, Carbamide peroxide, Sodium perborate
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