South Sumatera is one of the provinces with a large number of lowlands in Indonesia consisting of tidal land and lowland swamps, one of which is located in Tanjung Api-Api. The conversion of lowlands into built-up areas will cause physical, socio-economic, environmental, and public health impacts. One of the impacts arising from the development of settlements and infrastructure in lowland areas is land subsidence and flooding. The purpose of this research is to create a model for mitigating land subsidence in lowland areas spatially. The spatial model is carried out by weighting with Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) and then mapping mitigation efforts that will be carried out based on the potential for land subsidence. The results show that if the lowland area is developed into an industrial and residential area, it will have an impact on land subsidence with a moderate to high potential level. Based on the zoning of the potential for land subsidence, the best pre-disaster mitigation efforts to do are choosing the type of construction according to the type of soil, conserving groundwater, maintaining infiltration areas and green open spaces, and regional spatial planning.
Liquefaction in semi-permeable soils such as fine sands occurs when the required time to transfer the pore water pressure into the form of effective stress is longer than the increased time of pore water pressure. Therefore, liquefaction mitigation needs to be done to speed up the air pressure flow time during an earthquake such as using vertical drains in this study. The data used here are adopted from previous studies that have been taken from a field test in Air Tawar, Padang. The results showed there is liquefaction potential based on soil data processing. The equivalent circle diameter value for the vertical drain is 1.2 m or a radial equivalent value of 0.6 m. Based on the analysis, the 60% pore water pressure dissipation within 20 seconds was obtained at a distance of 0.291 m in the radial direction. From the data above, it can be obtained that the vertical drain is capable of dissipating 60% of water pressure within 20 seconds to avoid liquefaction within the soil mass. Then it can be concluded that the application of vertical drain at a certain distance and depth can mitigate liquefaction in soil layers.
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