Indonesia aims to strengthen its local regions and villages. This has led to the encouragement of smart village development through several forms of assistance, including Information Technology (IT) services from the government. Koto Gadang, one of the many Minangkabau customary villages in West Sumatra, has been used as a model for the development of an IT service that can support tourism known as a Web- and mobile-based geographic information system (GIS) for buildings (GB) in order to map and visualize buildings and their inhabitants. This paper reports the development of the GB. This study takes the form of a literature review, a survey, data collection, and software development. The results of the literature review and survey were used as the basis for software development. Aerial photographs of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), mosques, offices, schools, and health service centers, as well as residential buildings, were taken using a drone, while attribute data were collected directly by visiting the buildings. The users of the GB were divided into two groups: visitors and village officers. Moreover, there confidentiality was maintained for all the data provided, so the visitors were only allowed to search for buildings (MSMEs, offices, mosques, schools, and health centers) based on certain criteria, view locations, found information, and survey routes, while village officers were allowed to collect data on residents, buildings, and houses, and also search people’s homes. Furthermore, in situations where a visitor needs to find a resident’s house, the village officers are required to provide this assistance. These provisions were applied in the GB and implemented using the PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, PHP, CSS Bootstrap, jQuery, and Basic4Android, created according to the needs of the Koto Gadang smart customary village. The GB allows the village officers to better understand and monitor all the buildings, houses, and residents in the village and could also encourage many travelers to visit and see historic buildings and shop for embroidery and silver crafts.
Gelombang besar atau tsunami merupakan gelombang yang dibangkitkan secara tektonik akibat pergeseran lempeng di laut. Dampaknya sangat besar bila gelombang ini merambat ke pantai, sebagai contoh peristiwa di Aceh dan Papua. Hal yang serupa ada kemungkinan terjadi di Sumatera, karena daerah ini mempunyai sesar di laut dan di daratan. Upaya mengurangi dampaknya ke pantai, perlu dilakukan, salah satunya simulasi secara fisik untuk dapat memprediksi dan melihat seberapa jauh dampak gelombang besar (tsunami) pada suatu lokasi. Secara teoritis sudah ada prediksi para ahli, tetapi tidak mencerminkan yang sesungguhnya. Dimana faktor karakteristik pantai, kedalaman laut, serta muara sungai sangat dominan mempengaruhi perilaku gelombang ke pantai. Pada tahap pertama lokasi daerah Purus dan Ulak Karang sekitarnya sebagai objek penelitian. Model dibuat dengan meniru bentuk asli dilapangan dengan melakukan beberapa penyederhanaan. Simulasi ombak (gelombang) dan banjir dilakukan dengan menumpahkan air dengan debit tertentu dan ketinggian tertentu (minimum tiga variasi masing-masingnya). Selanjutnya diamati dampak yang terjadi pada daerah daratan dengan mengukur kedalaman serta luasnya genangan (inundation). Dari penelitian ini diperoleh pada daerah Purus, yaitu jalan Raden Saleh (jalur evakuasi) tidak aman untuk dilewati pada simulasi gelombang sedang dan besar. Dimana aliran air relatif lebih cepat dibanding daerah lainnya. Begitu pula untuk daerah dekat drainase/sungai aliran semakin cepat mengalir dan kedalaman lebih tinggi.Jarak tempuh dari pinggir ke daerah aman harus lebih kecil dari 20 menit dengan kecepatan lebih besar dari 5 km/jam. Dari semua perlakuan daerah aman berada 2,5 km dari pantai. Untuk mengurangi risiko terhadap bencana, maka perlu dilakukan kajian lanjutan terhadap tata letak bangunan, kanal, maupun breakwater sepanjang pantai serta kombinasinya. Keywords: model, aliran, genangan, tsunami,pantai, Padang
Differences in temperature, duration of irradiation, wind speed, watershed shape, slope, and rainfall are the factors that determine the amount of evaporation and discharge flow also characterizing of the watershed. As noted, the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures is over6 and the dry season happens mostly from May to October in West Sumatra Province each year. It, of course,will affect the magnitude of potential evapotranspiration and the minimum water flow that tend to decrease. Therefore, a particular evaluation of the impact of drought or susceptibility to water potential of the watersheds in the Areas of Akuaman River of West Sumatra should be undertaken. The methods used were the standard of Ministry of Forestry of Indonesiathe Agency for Research and Development of Forestry and the Center for Research and Development of Conservation and Rehabilitation 2012 and Arc-GIS-10.3 software to determine the index of vulnerability to drought and Cropwat-8to calculate evapotranspiration by Penman-Monteith method. The evaluation results show evapotranspiration value was 5.32 mm / day, 161.7 mm / month and the category of susceptibility tended to be medium and somewhat vulnerable. A review of the aspect of service levels of the use of water and minimum specific discharge is seen that in small watersheds is more susceptible to get drought than larger basins. It is therefore suggested to stakeholders to consider the possibilities for watershed integration as a solution to improve water supply for irrigation.
The problem of flooding or flash floods in watersheds often occurs, both in large rivers and small rivers. The frequency of occurrence varies greatly depending on the local climate. As a result of flooding, it causes more erosion and collapse of riverbanks and washes away all kinds of materials, such as wood, sand, and stone. Sometimes it also submerges rice fields, villages, and houses downstream of the river. Likewise, in the study location of the Limau Manih river, there has been a flood with a large discharge. It was recorded twice a year, namely in July and September 2012. One of the ways to reduce energy, scour, and avalanches on riverbanks is by building a check dam or weir. A check dam is expected to reduce the energy that arises due to differences in elevation or slope of the river channel. But on the other hand, the weir will raise the water level, so that the puddle becomes wider. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of weir construction on the extent of inundation. The study was conducted using ArcGIS to map inundation and HEC-RAS to simulate water levels along the river. Simulations were carried out for several return periods of rainfall events. The results of the study show that the planned flood discharge in the river of Limau Manih watershed is quite large. Meanwhile, from the simulation results, the inundation area is not too significant with the increase in the return period and the planned flood discharge. Although the simulation of the weir without widening the upstream part of the weir shows a significant increase in inundation area. This is most likely due to the weir in the upstream area of the river which is rather steep, so that water flows quickly through the overflow of the weir. However, the water level in the weir is higher than without the weir, as a result, water jumps and erosion occur downstream of the weir. For this reason, it is very necessary to monitor the scour behavior in the weir and the sedimentation rate, because this area has the potential to be eroded.
The Kuranji watershed is one of the largest watersheds in the city of Padang. Several landslides and floods have been reported in this area. Many factors cause landslides, both natural and non-natural factors. One of the natural factors that cause landslides is the topography/slope condition. The sloping/steep topography in the downstream area of the Kuranji watershed causes a high potential for landslides in this area. Landslides occur due to balance disturbances that cause the movement of soil and rock masses from a higher place to a lower place. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze slope stability to determine the effect of slope conditions on the potential for landslides. In this study, an analysis of the potential for slopes stability was carried out using the Ordinary Method of Slices. The analysis is carried out by making different slopes so that the value of the safety factor will be obtained from each slope. The slope variation used in this study is the ratio of height to slope width of 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5, 1:0.25. The results showed that the smaller the slope and the height of the slope, the more stable the slope will be, on the contrary, the larger the slope, the more unstable the slope. This can be assessed from the value safety factor (SF) of slope stability which is obtained from the calculation, which is getting smaller as the slope and height of the slope decrease.
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