C otton has vital role in economy of Pakistan. It is main source of fiber as well as vegetable oil. It is major source of foreign exchange obtained by exporting raw cotton to many countries of world. Cotton production and area is continuously reducing in Pakistan due to biotic and abiotic stresses and competition from other crops.
The Chrysoperla carnea (Green lacewing) is an important predator of soft bodied insect pests of different crops like wheat, Maize, Cotton and others in Pakistan. Morphology, behavior and ecophysiology studies of Chrysoperla carnea were examined by the researcher while molecular study had not been checked. In this experiment the aim was to expand the studies up to molecular level to examine the systematic of Chrysoperla carnea. The results indicated that the level of DNA variation was high among the five Chrysoperla carnea species. Therefore, RAPD markers can be used successfully for the identification of Chrysoperla carnea species. The genetic similarity matrix of RAPD data for the five Chrysoperla carnea species was constructed. The genetic similarities of these lacewing species were ranging from 55% to 82%. Genetic similarity co-efficient for the five C. carnea species were utilized for the construction of a dandrogram by the UPGMA method. Since DNA polymorphism between the five green lace wing species is high (45%) as revealed by RAPD analysis. Dandrogram analysis showed a wide range of groupings for genetic similarity among five C. carnea species.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the key crops of Pakistan which contribute 1.7% shares in GDP. Numerous factors are responsible for poor quality and low yield of rice; insect pests are one of those. White-backed plant hopper Sogatella furcifera is one of the most threatening pest of rice crop. During this research the relative efficacy of eco-friendly formulation of Beauveria bassiana (1.3×10 6 conidia/mL), Potassium silicate (50mg/L), Imidacloprid (75mL/acre) alone and in combination was observed for sustainable management of S. furcifera. The estimated parameters were population density of S. furcifera and percent infestation losses. Data were recorded after first and second spray at different time intervals (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20DAT*). All treatments significantly suppressed the population of S. furcifera owing to their specific mode of action. The combined application of Beauveria bassiana, Potassium silicate and Imidacloprid gave more promising results as compared to other treatments. So, all these IPM strategies were strongly effective to suppress the population of S. furcifera and losses caused by them.
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