The disability which occurs frequently in children is known as cerebral palsy (CP). Its prevalence in Pakistan is much higher and about 2 to 3 out of every 1000 children are diagnosed with CP, which affectstheirfunctional status of life to a greater extent. The objective of the current study was to determine the association of CP child's behavior with caregiver's stress level. The current study was based on a cross sectional design and itcomprised 159 caregivers of CP child. Among them 100 were males and 59 were females. The study was conducted within the time period from December 2016 to May 2017. A convenience sampling technique was used and subjects were selected from different hospitals and rehabilitation centers of Lahore, Pakistan on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria after taking informed consent. The two standardized “parental stress scale” and “strength difficulty questionnaire” helped to determine the level of stress and caregiver' burden. The data was analyzed using SPSS v20. The frequency was calculated to obtain mean values of caregiver stress and behavior of CP child using PSS and SDQ. P value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. The Pearson correlation (r) between PSS and SDQ data was r₌ 0.63, which showed a strong positive linear correlation between the two variables, that is, CP child behavior & caregiver stress level. It indicated that both variables increased or decreased together. The behavior of CP child affects the quality of life of parents and caregivers. The study concluded that there is a strong relationship between the CP child's behavior with the caregiver’s stress level.
Objectives To identify literature reporting on thermal mineral water and mud therapy effectiveness on pain, stiffness and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design Systematic evidence scan of MEDLINE and PubMed was performed to identify the randomized controlled trial studies published from 2004 to December 2018. Study selection Papers reporting the effect of balneotherapy and mud therapy for treating knee OA, a duration of ≥2 weeks and in which Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were used as an outcome measure. Data extraction Not RCT, Studies not in English. Results A quantitative meta-analysis of ten studies (831 patients) was performed. Five clinical studies (407 patients) measured effectiveness of balneotherapy and there was significant difference between the groups in WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score and WOMAC function score, with the differences in favour of balneotherapy. Six clinical studies (500 patients) measured effectiveness of mud therapy and there was significant difference between the groups in WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score and WOMAC function score, with the differences in favour of mud therapy. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that balneotherapy and mud therapy were clinically effective in relieving pain, stiffness, and improving function, as assessed by WOMAC score.
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