Organometallic compounds are finding novel applications and benefitting mankind in many ways. The present work relates to the development of such compounds that shall be locally available, cheap, durable and compatible water repellent for leather. The work methodology is so that first there is selection of method of preparation in which the easiest and most economical method is selected. Suitable methods of applications are then elucidated. Finally, some necessary tests of performance are conducted. There are certain weak areas, which are highlighted.
An Industrial boiler is considered as highly energy intensive equipment. The primary objective of this study is to identify and quantify the potential losses of different energy sections of the fire tube boiler and its overall performance. Several energy saving measures such as combustion optimization, excess air control, control of flue gases temperature and effect of excessive or uncontrolled steam blow down optimization, on the overall performance of boiler are also applied. Energy as a result of energy saving measure has been determined as well. In present study, some main causes of energy wastages are summed up, by using a Energy Auditing. From the results of energy audit, the boiler’s thermal energy efficiency and combustion efficiency are found to be 70.09% and 75.7% respectively. It was also observed that these losses can be reduced by controlling stack temperature, excess air and optimized blow down. There covered energy can be utilized to preheat the combustion air and feed water. Economic evaluation of energy saving measure resulted in annual fuel saving of 6.3 Million PKRs without any investment but only improving working methodologies. As a result of these efforts, the savings in terms of cost has also been determined.
Wastewater of textile industry having impurities and heavy metal ions cause problems in human society that can endanger the human health through food chain. Adsorption of heavy metal ions before draining makes wastewater safe for aquatic life and human health. Now a day’s adsorption of heavy metal through polymeric nano adsorbents is the emerging technology which is more efficient than conventional adsorbents like activated carbon. The pH 9.0 gave maximum 96% sorption of Co at 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage, due to increased electrostatic force of attraction produced by the negative charge at the surface of sorbent which is favorable for adsorbing cationic species. In the beginning of15 minute retention time, metal ions adsorption was rapid due to availability of more number of adsorptive sites but further increase of retention time decreased the sorption capacity due to partial desorption that may occur due to the charge density and diameter of hydrated ions. Similarly in case of Cu, the maximum sorption was 95% at 7.0 pH using 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage.
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