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Background: Tuberculosis is still a major health problem worldwide. It is estimated that about one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Whilepulmonary tuberculosis is most common presentation; extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also an important clinical problem. CBNAAT is cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test with a well-established role in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). We determined the effectiveness of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in comparison to AFB smear.Methods: Retrospective study of suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care centre of the study area was conducted. The study period was from January 2017 to July 2018. Data of 166 consecutive suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients was retrieved. Effectiveness of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of EPTB was assessed as compared to that of AFB smear.Results: Samples collected from 166 suspected EPTB patients were subjected to AFB smear and CBNAAT. Samples collected included lymph node, pus, pleural fluid, tissue, CSF, gastric lavage, cystic fluid, peritoneal fluid, ascitic fluid, colonic fluid, synovial fluid, urine. In AFB smear results, 17 cases were positive for TB bacilli and 149 were negative for the same. In CBNAAT results, 25 cases were positive for TB bacilli and 141 cases were negative. In comparative analysis, 8 cases were AFB smear negative but CBNAAT positive.Conclusions: CBNAAT is a useful tool in the diagnosis of EPTB cases because of its simplicity and rapid turnaround time. CBNAAT is more effective as compared to AFB smear in the diagnosis of EPTB cases.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most important cause of most of the respiratory diseases. It is estimated that about one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is important to know about the clinical profile of these patients. There are many studies which are done among OPD patients but fewer among indoor patients hence, the current study was planned.Methods: Retrospective study of the patients admitted in the inpatient department of the study area were taken as the sample size from May 2016 to April 2017, who were diagnosed as TB patients.Results: a retrospective study was conducted among admitted patients, which included data of one year. There was male predominance with male: female ratio of 2.89. major cause of admission was extrapulmonary causes. The HIV patients were more predisposed to extrapulmonary and diabetes than pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusions: There is male predominance for admission cases. There is also increased cases of extrapulmonary TB admitted than pulmonary cases.

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Background: Since the introduction of the first flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope by Shigeto Ikeda in 1966, fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) has been a valuable tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report our one-year experience with the yield of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy at MGM Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Maharashtra.Methods: A retrospective study of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was performed at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra during the period 2015-2016. Bronchoscopy was performed and collection of bronchial washing, bronchial brushing, bronchial biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration was done.Results: Out of 192 patients, 140 were males and 52 were females. Majority of them were in age group 50-59 years. Main indication was pulmonary tuberculosis. Bronchial washings were done in 168 cases and brushing in 56 cases and common location for both was right upper lobe; bronchial biopsy was done in 90 cases with commonest location left main bronchus. Transbronchial needle aspiration was done in 4 cases, active bleed was seen in 6 cases and purulent discharge was seen in 24 cases. Bronchoscopic finding in majority of patients was normal tracheobronchial tree.Conclusions: The optimal use of conventional bronchoscopy and its techniques in the hands of experienced respiratory interventionists, with the adherence of the international guidelines for performing these techniques will improve the diagnostic outcomes of those patients with the least morbidity and mortality, employing better therapeutic strategies, and thus improving the overall management of those patients.