Background: Tuberculosis is still a major health problem worldwide. It is estimated that about one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Whilepulmonary tuberculosis is most common presentation; extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also an important clinical problem. CBNAAT is cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test with a well-established role in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). We determined the effectiveness of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in comparison to AFB smear.Methods: Retrospective study of suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care centre of the study area was conducted. The study period was from January 2017 to July 2018. Data of 166 consecutive suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients was retrieved. Effectiveness of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of EPTB was assessed as compared to that of AFB smear.Results: Samples collected from 166 suspected EPTB patients were subjected to AFB smear and CBNAAT. Samples collected included lymph node, pus, pleural fluid, tissue, CSF, gastric lavage, cystic fluid, peritoneal fluid, ascitic fluid, colonic fluid, synovial fluid, urine. In AFB smear results, 17 cases were positive for TB bacilli and 149 were negative for the same. In CBNAAT results, 25 cases were positive for TB bacilli and 141 cases were negative. In comparative analysis, 8 cases were AFB smear negative but CBNAAT positive.Conclusions: CBNAAT is a useful tool in the diagnosis of EPTB cases because of its simplicity and rapid turnaround time. CBNAAT is more effective as compared to AFB smear in the diagnosis of EPTB cases.
Background:Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of the skin affecting adolescents and young adults causing psychological distress. The combination of antibiotic resistance, adverse effects of topical and systemic anti acne medications and desire for high tech approaches have all led to new enthusiasm for light based acne treatment. Intense pulse light (IPL) therapy has three modes of action in acne vulgaris i.e., photochemical, photo thermal and photo immunological.Aims:(1) to study efficacy of IPL therapy in facial acne vulgaris. (2) To compare two fluences - one normal and other subnormal on right and left side of face respectively.Methods:(Including settings and design and statistical analysis used). Total 45 patients in age group 16 to 28 years with inflammatory facial acne vulgaris were included in prospective study. Baseline data for each patient was recorded. All patients were given 4 sittings of IPL at 2 weeks interval and were followed for 2 months every 2 weeks. Fluence used was 35J/cm2 on right and 20J/cm2 on left side. Percentage reduction in lesion count was calculated at each sitting and follow up and graded as mild (0-25%), moderate (26-50%), good (51-75%) and excellent (76-100%). Side effects were noted. The results were analysed using Mann-Whitney Test.Results:On right side, excellent results were achieved in 10(22%), good in 22(49%) and moderate in 13(29%) patients. On left side excellent were results achieved in 7(15%), good in 19(42%) and moderate in 16(43%) patients. There was no statically significant difference noted in efficacy of two fluences used in treatment of facial acne vulgaris.Conclusions:IPL is a effective and safe option for inflammatory acne vulgaris with minimal reversible side effects. Subnormal fluence is as effective as normal fluence in Indian skin.
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