No abstract

Six different genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were screened against Aphids (Aphis gossypii), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), leaf miner (Phytomyza atricornis), green leaf hoppers (Empoasca spp.), painted bugs (Bagrada spp.), and sunflower seed weevil (Smicronyx spp.) at, early, growing and anthesis stages. The results concluded that SMH-9707 was found partially resistant against aphids, whereas SF-187 was found less-susceptible against leaf miner and resistant against whitefly. Suncross-24 was found highly susceptible against painted bug among all the six genotypes of sunflower. SF-187. Parsun-1 and suncross-24 were partially resistant against green leaf hoppers. SMH-9707 was found highly susceptible against sunflower seed weevil and SF-187 was found partially resistant.

Heat tolerance is measured at tissue level by cellular membrane thermostability (CMT) and at the whole plant level by the heat tolerance index (HTI). Eight upland cotton cultivars and 15 crosses were used to determine the type and extent of genetic variability associated with the expression of these traits between and within environments. Heat stress and non-stress conditions were used as the CMT environments and years for HTI. The wide variation in heterotic expression and combining ability effects observed for CMT and HTI suggest multigenic inheritance of these traits. Significant genetic variability across environments was evident but the traits were not highly heritable because of substantial environmental interaction. The available genetic variability included both additive and non-additive components, but the proportion of additive genetic variability was high for HTI. The parental cultivars CRIS-19 and CIM-448 were good donor parents for high CMT under heat-stressed conditions, and MNH-552 and N-Karishma under non-stressed conditions. Cultivar FH-634 was a good donor parent for HTI. The results show two types of general combining ability (GCA) inheritance among high CMT parents: positive GCA inheritance expressed by CRIS-19 in the presence of heat stress and MNH-552 and N-Karishma in the absence of heat stress; and negative GCA inheritance expressed by FH-900 in the presence of heat stress. It was also evident that genes controlling high CMT in cultivar CRIS-19 were different from those present in the MNH-552, N-Karishma and FH-900 cultivars. Similarly, among high HTI parents, FH-634 showed positive and CIM-443 negative GCA inheritance. No significant relationship due to genetic causes existed between tissue and whole plant heat tolerance, diminishing the likelihood of simultaneous improvement and selection of the two traits.