A novel glucose sensor was constructed, and its analytical potential examined. A chip-type three-electrode system for use in a flow-type electrochemical glucose sensor was fabricated using a UV lithography technique on a glass slide. An Ag/AgCl reference electrode was made by electroplating silver onto a Pt electrode and dipping in a saturated KCl solution for 30 min. In addition, a glucose-sensing electrode was fabricated using a two-photon adsorbed photopolymerization technique with a photo-reactive resin containing a glucose oxidase enzyme, ferrocene mediator, non-ionic surfactant, and carbon nanotubes. The cyclic voltammetry of the potassium ferrocyanide in the Pt sensor system showed a stable electrode condition. The response of the modified Pt sensor confirms the feasibility of using a two-photon adsorbed photopolymerization technique for the easy fabrication of functional biosensors.
This paper presents a direct interaction force measurement between histidine molecules using AFM force-distance curve measurement. AFM force-distance curves between the histidine-modified cantilever and substrate in the different conditions with or without intercalating Cu2+ ion were measured and interpreted via Gaussian curve fitting analyses. The adhesion force between histidine molecules was shown to be 110 pN under the presence of Cu2+. The result was compareable to the measured adhesion force about 0 pN, which was measured by the removal of Cu2+ ion with the addition of EDTA. The result indicated the direct histidine-histidie interaction was difficult without the role of the bridigible ionic component. From the results, the possibility of direct measurement on chemical affinities between biomolecules was suggested by using AFM force-distance curve analyses. Especially, the current approach showed the possible affinity measurement techniques that elucidate the role of bridge ions.
The morphology of the specific face growth of sodium chloride (NaCI) crystal on the mica surface was analyzed using atomic force microscope (AFM). The supersaturation of the NaCI was induced to lead to the crystal nucleation and growth by the addition of methylalcohol. The effects of methylalcohol concentration and mica surface functionality on the NaCI crystal growth morphology were investigated. The crystalline nucleus was formed scaterringly on the mica surface at 10% methylalcohol. It was grown laterally at 20% methylalcohol and agglomerated at 30% methylalcohol before lateral growth. The difference in the crystallization efficiency originated from the surface conditions is discussed by comparison of the crystallizations on surfaces of the bare mica and mica treated with Mg2+, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and ethyltriethoxysilane. The lateral growth of sodium chloride crystal was restricted by the different treatment of the mica surface. From these results, it was known that sodium chloride crystal growth morphology could be controlled by using additional solvent and substrate surface treatment. These results imply that the morphology analysis as well as reaction kinetics should be conducted in the crystallization analysis.
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