No abstract

One of environmental friendly renewable energies with huge potential in Indonesia is geothermal. Indonesia has the largest geothermal potential in the world, reaching up to 40% of world reserves or about 27,000 MW to 29,000 MW. However the development of geothermal currently is only about 4.2% (1,226 MW) of the existing reserves. The government of Indonesia has issued both fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to encourage geothermal development including establishing Fast Track Program II in 2010 to procure 17,918 MW of which 28% of them are geothermal. But apparently the amount of electricity that can be supplied from geothermal is only about 2.7% of total installed generations in Indonesia. This paper presents the progress of geothermal development in Indonesia and the role of the government including the policy, regulatory framework, and government incentives. It also identifies the challenges of the geothermal development, as well as its prospects in the future. Methodology used in this research is qualitative-descriptive method focused on literature review to obtain literature or secondary data.

The construction of Jakarta MRT Phase I has been carried out by using funds from foreign debt. Meanwhile, Jakarta MRT Phase II or other local infrastructure projects are still waiting for new funding scheme. One alternative is municipal bonds. This study investigate the possibilities of using municipal bonds to finance urban infrastructure project with the case study of Jakarta MRT Phase I. The analyzed use three perspectives including financial aspect, legal aspect, and Jakarta financial capacity aspect. Financial analysis using discounted cash flow (DCF), net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). Secondly, study literature is used in the legal analysis by exploring specific regulations regarding the municipal bonds. Finally, the Jakarta Regional Budget and Jakarta Budget Audit Report is examined to get insight and depth information regarding its financial capacity. The result is municipal bonds are feasible as the source of financing Jakarta MRT Project.

This study observes the factors affecting the changes of energy intensity in Indonesia and five selected Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries during the period particularly measuring its impact during 1997 financial crisis. By employing the Logaritmic Mean Divisia Index, this study summaries that the changes in energy intensity in the ASEAN-6 economies was a result of the changes within industry energy intensity (intensity effect). The intensity effects also provide a proxy measure of energy efficiency activity at the sectoral level. Overall, the general direction of the intensity effect in all ASEAN countries is downward. These decreasing intensity effects show that the trend towards technological changes in ASEAN countries has assisted significantly in increasing energy efficiency. Further, all the ASEAN-6 countries showed a change in the structure index indicates that the structure of economy periodically shifted away from less energy intensive sector to more energy intensive sector.

The Indonesian Constitution mandates the government to keep the food sovereignty in terms of availability, affordability, and the fulfillment of adequate food consumption with safety, quality, and nutritionally balanced. In food politics, the government has a number of policies and programs to achieve food self-sufficiency such as the provision of agricultural land, fertilizer, pesticides, seeds, irrigation, farmers' education, and financing supports. In terms of fiscal policy, the government annually allocates funds to support food self-sufficiency programs. Unfortunetaly, Indonesia still in the stage of below achieving a food self-sufficiency; the government still imports some strategic foodstuffs such as rice, corn, soybeans, sugar, and meat. Low production of foodstuffs bring about a decrease in agricultural sector contribution to GDP. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of government policy on food and fiscal policy support. Using secondary data, the study tries to describe using the approach of 'The Context, Links, and Evidence Framework". The study concludes that although the government has a strong commitment to have food sovereignty, but still difficult to achieve food selfsufficiency and food security. Therefore the authors recommend a policy package which includes nine priority programs to be considered by the government.